m_atmosphere.cc

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/* Copyright (C) 2002-2012
   Patrick Eriksson <Patrick.Eriksson@chalmers.se>
   Stefan Buehler   <sbuehler@ltu.se>
                            
   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
   Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
   later version.
 
   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.
 
   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
   USA. */
 
/*===========================================================================
  === File description 
  ===========================================================================*/
 
/*===========================================================================
  === External declarations
  ===========================================================================*/
 
#include <cfloat>
#include <cmath>
#include "species_tags.h"
#include "absorption.h"
#include "agenda_class.h"
#include "arts.h"
#include "auto_md.h"
#include "check_input.h"
#include "cloudbox.h"
#include "geodetic.h"
#include "global_data.h"
#include "gridded_fields.h"
#include "igrf13.h"
#include "interpolation.h"
#include "interpolation_lagrange.h"
#include "linescaling.h"
#include "matpackIII.h"
#include "messages.h"
#include "rte.h"
#include "special_interp.h"
#include "xml_io.h"
 
extern const Index GFIELD3_P_GRID;
extern const Index GFIELD3_LAT_GRID;
extern const Index GFIELD3_LON_GRID;
extern const Index GFIELD4_FIELD_NAMES;
extern const Index GFIELD4_P_GRID;
extern const Index GFIELD4_LAT_GRID;
extern const Index GFIELD4_LON_GRID;
 
 
extern const Numeric GAS_CONSTANT;
 
 
extern const Numeric EPSILON_LON_CYCLIC = 2 * DBL_EPSILON;
 
/*===========================================================================
 *=== Helper functions
 *===========================================================================*/
 
 
void atm_fields_compactExpand(GriddedField4& af,
                              Index& nf,
                              const String& name,
                              const Index& prepend,
                              const Verbosity&) {
  // Number of fields already present:
  nf = af.get_string_grid(GFIELD4_FIELD_NAMES).nelem();
 
  if (prepend) {
    // Add name of new field to field name list:
    ArrayOfString& as = af.get_string_grid(GFIELD4_FIELD_NAMES);
    as.insert(as.begin(), name);
  } else {
    // Add name of new field to field name list:
    af.get_string_grid(GFIELD4_FIELD_NAMES).push_back(name);
  }
 
  // Save original fields:
  const Tensor4 dummy = af.data;
 
  // Adjust size:
  af.resize(nf + 1, dummy.npages(), dummy.nrows(), dummy.ncols());
  nf++;  // set to new number of fields
 
  // Copy back original field:
  af.data(Range((prepend && nf > 1) ? 1 : 0, nf - 1), joker, joker, joker) =
      dummy;
}
 
/*
 This helper function is used by all AtmFieldPRegrid WSMs to do the common
 calculation of the grid positions and interpolation weights for pressures.
 It is an adaptation of GriddedFieldPRegridHelper for Tensors instead of
 GriddedFields.
 
 \param[out]    ing_min       Index in the new grid with first value covered
                              by the old grid.
 \param[out]    ing_max       Index in the new grid with last value covered
                              by the old grid.
 \param[out]    gp_p          Pressure grid positions
 \param[out]    itw           Interpolation weights
 \param[in]     p_grid_out    New pressure grid
 \param[in]     p_grid_in     Old pressure grid
 \param[in]     interp_order  Interpolation order
 \param[in]     verbosity     Verbosity levels
 */
void AtmFieldPRegridHelper(Index& ing_min,
                           Index& ing_max,
                           ArrayOfLagrangeInterpolation& lag_p,
                           VectorOfVector& itw,
                           ConstVectorView p_grid_out,
                           ConstVectorView p_grid_in,
                           const Index& interp_order,
                           const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  CREATE_OUT2;
 
  out2 << "  Interpolation order: " << interp_order << "\n";
 
  ing_min = 0;
  ing_max = p_grid_out.nelem() - 1;
  chk_interpolation_pgrids(
      "Atmospheric field to p_grid_out", p_grid_in, p_grid_out, interp_order);
 
  Index nelem_in_range = ing_max - ing_min + 1;
 
  // Calculate grid positions:
  if (nelem_in_range > 0) {
    lag_p = Interpolation::LagrangeVector(p_grid_out, p_grid_in, interp_order, 0.5, false, Interpolation::GridType::Log);
    itw = interpweights(lag_p);
  }
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void AtmFieldPRegrid(  // WS Generic Output:
    Tensor3& atmtensor_out,
    // WS Generic Input:
    const Tensor3& atmtensor_in_orig,
    const Vector& p_grid_new,
    const Vector& p_grid_old,
    const Index& interp_order,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  // check that p_grid_old is the p_grid associated with atmtensor_in_orig. we can
  // only check for consistent size with p_grid_old.
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (atmtensor_in_orig.npages() != p_grid_old.nelem(),
      "p_grid_old is supposed to be the p_grid associated with the "
      "atmospheric field.\n"
      "However, it is not as their sizes are inconsistent.\n")
 
  const Tensor3* atmtensor_in_pnt;
  Tensor3 atmtensor_in_copy;
 
  if (&atmtensor_in_orig == &atmtensor_out) {
    atmtensor_in_copy = atmtensor_in_orig;
    atmtensor_in_pnt = &atmtensor_in_copy;
  } else
    atmtensor_in_pnt = &atmtensor_in_orig;
 
  const Tensor3& atmtensor_in = *atmtensor_in_pnt;
 
  // Resize output tensor
  atmtensor_out.resize(
      p_grid_new.nelem(), atmtensor_in.nrows(), atmtensor_in.ncols());
 
  ArrayOfLagrangeInterpolation lag_p;
  VectorOfVector itw(0);  // nb. it is invalid to use this as it stands here...
 
  Index ing_min, ing_max;
 
  AtmFieldPRegridHelper(ing_min,
                        ing_max,
                        lag_p,
                        itw,
                        p_grid_new,
                        p_grid_old,
                        interp_order,
                        verbosity);
 
  // Interpolate:
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF ((ing_max - ing_min < 0) ||
      (ing_max - ing_min + 1 != p_grid_new.nelem()),
      "New grid seems not to be sufficiently covered by old grid.\n")
 
  for (Index i = 0; i < atmtensor_in.nrows(); i++)
    for (Index j = 0; j < atmtensor_in.ncols(); j++)
      reinterp(atmtensor_out(joker, i, j), atmtensor_in(joker, i, j), itw, lag_p);
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void AtmFieldPRegrid(  // WS Generic Output:
    Tensor4& atmtensor_out,
    // WS Generic Input:
    const Tensor4& atmtensor_in_orig,
    const Vector& p_grid_new,
    const Vector& p_grid_old,
    const Index& interp_order,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  const Tensor4* atmtensor_in_pnt;
  Tensor4 atmtensor_in_copy;
 
  if (&atmtensor_in_orig == &atmtensor_out) {
    atmtensor_in_copy = atmtensor_in_orig;
    atmtensor_in_pnt = &atmtensor_in_copy;
  } else
    atmtensor_in_pnt = &atmtensor_in_orig;
 
  const Tensor4& atmtensor_in = *atmtensor_in_pnt;
 
  // Resize output tensor
  atmtensor_out.resize(atmtensor_in.nbooks(),
                       p_grid_new.nelem(),
                       atmtensor_in.nrows(),
                       atmtensor_in.ncols());
  
  ArrayOfLagrangeInterpolation lag_p;
  VectorOfVector itw(0);  // nb. it is invalid to use this as it stands here...
 
  Index ing_min, ing_max;
 
  AtmFieldPRegridHelper(ing_min,
                        ing_max,
                        lag_p,
                        itw,
                        p_grid_new,
                        p_grid_old,
                        interp_order,
                        verbosity);
 
  // Interpolate:
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF ((ing_max - ing_min < 0) ||
                      (ing_max - ing_min + 1 != p_grid_new.nelem()),
    "New grid seems not to be sufficiently covered by old grid.\n")
 
  for (Index b = 0; b < atmtensor_in.nbooks(); b++)
    for (Index i = 0; i < atmtensor_in.nrows(); i++)
      for (Index j = 0; j < atmtensor_in.ncols(); j++)
        reinterp(atmtensor_out(b, joker, i, j),
                 atmtensor_in(b, joker, i, j),
                 itw,
                 lag_p);
}
 
/*
 Helper function for FieldFromGriddedField functions to ensure correct
 dimension and values of latitude/longitude grids
 
 \param[in]  lat_grid   Latitude grid
 \param[in]  lon_grid   Longitude grid
 \param[in]  ilat       Latitude grid index in gfield
 \param[in]  ilon       Longitude grid index in gfield
 \param[in]  gfield     GriddedField
 */
void FieldFromGriddedFieldCheckLatLonHelper(const Vector& lat_grid,
                                            const Vector& lon_grid,
                                            const Index ilat,
                                            const Index ilon,
                                            const GriddedField& gfield) {
  chk_griddedfield_gridname(gfield, ilat, "Latitude");
  chk_griddedfield_gridname(gfield, ilon, "Longitude");
 
  if (lon_grid.empty()) {
    chk_size("gfield.lon_grid", gfield.get_numeric_grid(ilon), 1);
 
    if (lat_grid.empty())
      chk_size("gfield.lat_grid", gfield.get_numeric_grid(ilat), 1);
    else
      chk_if_equal("lat_grid",
                   "gfield.lat_grid",
                   lat_grid,
                   gfield.get_numeric_grid(ilat));
  } else {
    chk_if_equal(
        "lat_grid", "gfield.lat_grid", lat_grid, gfield.get_numeric_grid(ilat));
    chk_if_equal(
        "lon_grid", "gfield.lon_grid", lon_grid, gfield.get_numeric_grid(ilon));
  }
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void FieldFromGriddedField(  // WS Generic Output:
    Matrix& field_out,
    // WS Input:
    const Vector& p_grid _U_,
    const Vector& lat_grid,
    const Vector& lon_grid,
    // WS Generic Input:
    const GriddedField2& gfraw_in,
    const Verbosity&) {
  FieldFromGriddedFieldCheckLatLonHelper(lat_grid, lon_grid, 0, 1, gfraw_in);
 
  field_out = gfraw_in.data;
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void FieldFromGriddedField(  // WS Generic Output:
    Tensor3& field_out,
    // WS Input:
    const Vector& p_grid,
    const Vector& lat_grid,
    const Vector& lon_grid,
    // WS Generic Input:
    const GriddedField3& gfraw_in,
    const Verbosity&) {
  chk_griddedfield_gridname(gfraw_in, 0, "Pressure");
  chk_if_equal("p_grid", "gfield.p_grid", p_grid, gfraw_in.get_numeric_grid(0));
 
  FieldFromGriddedFieldCheckLatLonHelper(lat_grid, lon_grid, 1, 2, gfraw_in);
 
  field_out = gfraw_in.data;
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void FieldFromGriddedField(  // WS Generic Output:
    Tensor4& field_out,
    // WS Input:
    const Vector& p_grid,
    const Vector& lat_grid,
    const Vector& lon_grid,
    // WS Generic Input:
    const GriddedField4& gfraw_in,
    const Verbosity&) {
  chk_griddedfield_gridname(gfraw_in, 1, "Pressure");
  chk_if_equal("p_grid", "gfield.p_grid", p_grid, gfraw_in.get_numeric_grid(0));
 
  FieldFromGriddedFieldCheckLatLonHelper(lat_grid, lon_grid, 2, 3, gfraw_in);
 
  field_out = gfraw_in.data;
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void FieldFromGriddedField(  // WS Generic Output:
    Tensor4& field_out,
    // WS Input:
    const Vector& p_grid,
    const Vector& lat_grid,
    const Vector& lon_grid,
    // WS Generic Input:
    const ArrayOfGriddedField3& gfraw_in,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  if (!gfraw_in.nelem()) {
    CREATE_OUT1;
    out1 << "   Warning: gfraw_in is empty, proceeding anyway\n";
    field_out.resize(0, 0, 0, 0);
  } else {
    field_out.resize(gfraw_in.nelem(),
                     p_grid.nelem(),
                     gfraw_in[0].data.nrows(),
                     gfraw_in[0].data.ncols());
  }
 
  for (Index i = 0; i < gfraw_in.nelem(); i++) {
    chk_griddedfield_gridname(gfraw_in[i], 0, "Pressure");
    chk_if_equal(
        "p_grid", "gfield.p_grid", p_grid, gfraw_in[i].get_numeric_grid(0));
 
    FieldFromGriddedFieldCheckLatLonHelper(
        lat_grid, lon_grid, 1, 2, gfraw_in[i]);
 
    field_out(i, joker, joker, joker) = gfraw_in[i].data;
  }
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void GriddedFieldLatLonExpand(  // WS Generic Output:
    GriddedField2& gfraw_out,
    // WS Generic Input:
    const GriddedField2& gfraw_in_orig,
    const Verbosity&) {
  const GriddedField2* gfraw_in_pnt;
  GriddedField2 gfraw_in_copy;
 
  if (&gfraw_in_orig == &gfraw_out) {
    gfraw_in_copy = gfraw_in_orig;
    gfraw_in_pnt = &gfraw_in_copy;
  } else
    gfraw_in_pnt = &gfraw_in_orig;
 
  const GriddedField2& gfraw_in = *gfraw_in_pnt;
 
  chk_griddedfield_gridname(gfraw_in, 0, "Latitude");
  chk_griddedfield_gridname(gfraw_in, 1, "Longitude");
 
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (gfraw_in.data.ncols() != 1 && gfraw_in.data.nrows() != 1,
        "Can't expand data because number of Latitudes and Longitudes is greater than 1");
 
  gfraw_out.set_grid_name(0, "Latitude");
  gfraw_out.set_grid_name(1, "Longitude");
 
  Vector v(2);
  if (gfraw_in.data.nrows() == 1 && gfraw_in.data.ncols() != 1) {
    v[0] = -90;
    v[1] = 90;
    gfraw_out.set_grid(0, v);
    gfraw_out.resize(2, gfraw_in.data.ncols());
 
    for (Index j = 0; j < gfraw_in.data.ncols(); j++)
      gfraw_out.data(joker, j) = gfraw_in.data(0, j);
  } else if (gfraw_in.data.nrows() != 1 && gfraw_in.data.ncols() == 1) {
    v[0] = 0;
    v[1] = 360;
    gfraw_out.set_grid(1, v);
    gfraw_out.resize(gfraw_in.data.nrows(), 2);
 
    for (Index j = 0; j < gfraw_in.data.nrows(); j++)
      gfraw_out.data(j, joker) = gfraw_in.data(j, 0);
  } else {
    v[0] = -90;
    v[1] = 90;
    gfraw_out.set_grid(0, v);
    v[0] = 0;
    v[1] = 360;
    gfraw_out.set_grid(1, v);
    gfraw_out.resize(2, 2);
 
    gfraw_out.data = gfraw_in.data(0, 0);
  }
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void GriddedFieldLatLonExpand(  // WS Generic Output:
    GriddedField3& gfraw_out,
    // WS Generic Input:
    const GriddedField3& gfraw_in_orig,
    const Verbosity&) {
  const GriddedField3* gfraw_in_pnt;
  GriddedField3 gfraw_in_copy;
 
  if (&gfraw_in_orig == &gfraw_out) {
    gfraw_in_copy = gfraw_in_orig;
    gfraw_in_pnt = &gfraw_in_copy;
  } else
    gfraw_in_pnt = &gfraw_in_orig;
 
  const GriddedField3& gfraw_in = *gfraw_in_pnt;
 
  chk_griddedfield_gridname(gfraw_in, 1, "Latitude");
  chk_griddedfield_gridname(gfraw_in, 2, "Longitude");
 
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (gfraw_in.data.ncols() != 1 && gfraw_in.data.nrows() != 1,
        "Can't expand data because number of Latitudes and Longitudes is greater than 1");
 
  gfraw_out.set_grid(0, gfraw_in.get_numeric_grid(0));
  gfraw_out.set_grid_name(0, gfraw_in.get_grid_name(0));
  gfraw_out.set_grid_name(1, "Latitude");
  gfraw_out.set_grid_name(2, "Longitude");
 
  Vector v(2);
  if (gfraw_in.data.nrows() == 1 && gfraw_in.data.ncols() != 1) {
    v[0] = -90;
    v[1] = 90;
    gfraw_out.set_grid(1, v);
    gfraw_out.resize(gfraw_in.data.npages(), 2, gfraw_in.data.ncols());
 
    for (Index i = 0; i < gfraw_in.data.npages(); i++)
      for (Index j = 0; j < gfraw_in.data.ncols(); j++)
        gfraw_out.data(i, joker, j) = gfraw_in.data(i, 0, j);
  } else if (gfraw_in.data.nrows() != 1 && gfraw_in.data.ncols() == 1) {
    v[0] = 0;
    v[1] = 360;
    gfraw_out.set_grid(2, v);
    gfraw_out.resize(gfraw_in.data.npages(), gfraw_in.data.nrows(), 2);
 
    for (Index i = 0; i < gfraw_in.data.npages(); i++)
      for (Index j = 0; j < gfraw_in.data.nrows(); j++)
        gfraw_out.data(i, j, joker) = gfraw_in.data(i, j, 0);
  } else {
    v[0] = -90;
    v[1] = 90;
    gfraw_out.set_grid(1, v);
    v[0] = 0;
    v[1] = 360;
    gfraw_out.set_grid(2, v);
    gfraw_out.resize(gfraw_in.data.npages(), 2, 2);
 
    for (Index i = 0; i < gfraw_in.data.npages(); i++)
      gfraw_out.data(i, joker, joker) = gfraw_in.data(i, 0, 0);
  }
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void GriddedFieldLatLonExpand(  // WS Generic Output:
    GriddedField4& gfraw_out,
    // WS Generic Input:
    const GriddedField4& gfraw_in_orig,
    const Verbosity&) {
  const GriddedField4* gfraw_in_pnt;
  GriddedField4 gfraw_in_copy;
 
  if (&gfraw_in_orig == &gfraw_out) {
    gfraw_in_copy = gfraw_in_orig;
    gfraw_in_pnt = &gfraw_in_copy;
  } else
    gfraw_in_pnt = &gfraw_in_orig;
 
  const GriddedField4& gfraw_in = *gfraw_in_pnt;
 
  chk_griddedfield_gridname(gfraw_in, 2, "Latitude");
  chk_griddedfield_gridname(gfraw_in, 3, "Longitude");
 
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (gfraw_in.data.ncols() != 1 && gfraw_in.data.nrows() != 1,
        "Can't expand data because number of Latitudes and Longitudes is greater than 1");
 
  gfraw_out.set_grid(0, gfraw_in.get_numeric_grid(0));
  gfraw_out.set_grid_name(0, gfraw_in.get_grid_name(0));
 
  gfraw_out.set_grid(1, gfraw_in.get_numeric_grid(1));
  gfraw_out.set_grid_name(1, gfraw_in.get_grid_name(1));
 
  gfraw_out.set_grid_name(2, "Latitude");
  gfraw_out.set_grid_name(3, "Longitude");
 
  Vector v(2);
  if (gfraw_in.data.nrows() == 1 && gfraw_in.data.ncols() != 1) {
    v[0] = -90;
    v[1] = 90;
    gfraw_out.set_grid(2, v);
    gfraw_out.resize(gfraw_in.data.nbooks(),
                     gfraw_in.data.npages(),
                     2,
                     gfraw_in.data.ncols());
 
    for (Index k = 0; k < gfraw_in.data.nbooks(); k++)
      for (Index i = 0; i < gfraw_in.data.npages(); i++)
        for (Index j = 0; j < gfraw_in.data.ncols(); j++)
          gfraw_out.data(k, i, joker, j) = gfraw_in.data(k, i, 0, j);
  } else if (gfraw_in.data.nrows() != 1 && gfraw_in.data.ncols() == 1) {
    v[0] = 0;
    v[1] = 360;
    gfraw_out.set_grid(3, v);
    gfraw_out.resize(gfraw_in.data.nbooks(),
                     gfraw_in.data.npages(),
                     gfraw_in.data.nrows(),
                     2);
 
    for (Index k = 0; k < gfraw_in.data.nbooks(); k++)
      for (Index i = 0; i < gfraw_in.data.npages(); i++)
        for (Index j = 0; j < gfraw_in.data.nrows(); j++)
          gfraw_out.data(k, i, j, joker) = gfraw_in.data(k, i, j, 0);
  } else {
    v[0] = -90;
    v[1] = 90;
    gfraw_out.set_grid(2, v);
    v[0] = 0;
    v[1] = 360;
    gfraw_out.set_grid(3, v);
    gfraw_out.resize(gfraw_in.data.nbooks(), gfraw_in.data.npages(), 2, 2);
 
    for (Index k = 0; k < gfraw_in.data.nbooks(); k++)
      for (Index i = 0; i < gfraw_in.data.npages(); i++)
        gfraw_out.data(k, i, joker, joker) = gfraw_in.data(k, i, 0, 0);
  }
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void GriddedFieldLatLonExpand(  // WS Generic Output:
    ArrayOfGriddedField3& gfraw_out,
    // WS Generic Input:
    const ArrayOfGriddedField3& gfraw_in,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  gfraw_out.resize(gfraw_in.nelem());
 
  for (Index i = 0; i < gfraw_in.nelem(); i++)
    GriddedFieldLatLonExpand(gfraw_out[i], gfraw_in[i], verbosity);
}
 
/*
 This helper function is used by all GriddedFieldPRegrid WSMs to do the common
 calculation of the grid positions and interpolation weights for pressures.
 
 \param[out]    ing_min       Index in the new grid with first value covered
                              by the old grid.
 \param[out]    ing_max       Index in the new grid with last value covered
                              by the old grid.
 \param[out]    gp_p          Pressure grid positions
 \param[out]    itw           Interpolation weights
 \param[in,out] gfraw_out     Output GriddedField
 \param[in]     gfraw_in      Input GriddedField
 \param[in]     p_grid_index  Index of pressure grid
 \param[in]     p_grid        New pressure grid
 \param[in]     interp_order  Interpolation order
 \param[in]     zeropadding   Allow zero padding
 \param[in]     verbosity     Verbosity levels
 */
void GriddedFieldPRegridHelper(Index& ing_min,
                               Index& ing_max,
                               ArrayOfLagrangeInterpolation& lag_p,
                               VectorOfVector& itw,
                               GriddedField& gfraw_out,
                               const GriddedField& gfraw_in,
                               const Index p_grid_index,
                               ConstVectorView p_grid,
                               const Index& interp_order,
                               const Index& zeropadding,
                               const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  CREATE_OUT2;
 
  chk_griddedfield_gridname(gfraw_in, p_grid_index, "Pressure");
 
  out2 << "  Interpolation order: " << interp_order << "\n";
 
  const Vector& in_p_grid = gfraw_in.get_numeric_grid(p_grid_index);
 
  // Initialize output field. Set grids and copy grid names
  gfraw_out.set_grid(p_grid_index, p_grid);
  gfraw_out.set_grid_name(p_grid_index, gfraw_in.get_grid_name(p_grid_index));
 
  if (zeropadding) {
    if (in_p_grid[0] < p_grid[p_grid.nelem() - 1] ||
        in_p_grid[in_p_grid.nelem() - 1] > p_grid[0]) {
      ing_min = 0;
      ing_max = ing_min - 1;
    } else
      chk_interpolation_pgrids_loose_no_data_check(ing_min,
                                                   ing_max,
                                                   "Raw field to p_grid",
                                                   in_p_grid,
                                                   p_grid,
                                                   interp_order);
  } else {
    ing_min = 0;
    ing_max = p_grid.nelem() - 1;
    chk_interpolation_pgrids(
        "Raw field to p_grid", in_p_grid, p_grid, interp_order);
  }
  Index nelem_in_range = ing_max - ing_min + 1;
 
  // Calculate grid positions:
  if (nelem_in_range > 0) {
    lag_p = Interpolation::LagrangeVector(p_grid[Range(ing_min, nelem_in_range)], in_p_grid, interp_order, 0.5, false, Interpolation::GridType::Log);
    itw = interpweights(lag_p);
  }
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void GriddedFieldPRegrid(  // WS Generic Output:
    GriddedField3& gfraw_out,
    // WS Input:
    const Vector& p_grid,
    // WS Generic Input:
    const GriddedField3& gfraw_in_orig,
    const Index& interp_order,
    const Index& zeropadding,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  const GriddedField3* gfraw_in_pnt;
  GriddedField3 gfraw_in_copy;
 
  if (&gfraw_in_orig == &gfraw_out) {
    gfraw_in_copy = gfraw_in_orig;
    gfraw_in_pnt = &gfraw_in_copy;
  } else
    gfraw_in_pnt = &gfraw_in_orig;
 
  const GriddedField3& gfraw_in = *gfraw_in_pnt;
 
  const Index p_grid_index = 0;
 
  // Resize output GriddedField and copy all non-latitude/longitude grids
  gfraw_out.resize(
      p_grid.nelem(), gfraw_in.data.nrows(), gfraw_in.data.ncols());
  gfraw_out.set_grid(1, gfraw_in.get_numeric_grid(1));
  gfraw_out.set_grid_name(1, gfraw_in.get_grid_name(1));
  gfraw_out.set_grid(2, gfraw_in.get_numeric_grid(2));
  gfraw_out.set_grid_name(2, gfraw_in.get_grid_name(2));
  
  ArrayOfLagrangeInterpolation lag_p;
  VectorOfVector itw(0);  // nb. it is invalid to use this as it stands here...
 
  Index ing_min, ing_max;
 
  GriddedFieldPRegridHelper(ing_min,
                            ing_max,
                            lag_p,
                            itw,
                            gfraw_out,
                            gfraw_in,
                            p_grid_index,
                            p_grid,
                            interp_order,
                            zeropadding,
                            verbosity);
 
  // Interpolate:
  if (ing_max - ing_min < 0)
    gfraw_out.data = 0.;
  else if (ing_max - ing_min + 1 != p_grid.nelem()) {
    gfraw_out.data = 0.;
    for (Index i = 0; i < gfraw_in.data.nrows(); i++)
      for (Index j = 0; j < gfraw_in.data.ncols(); j++) {
        //                chk_interpolation_grids_loose_check_data(ing_min, ing_max,
        //                                                         "Raw field to p_grid",
        //                                                         gfraw_in.get_numeric_grid(p_grid_index),
        //                                                         p_grid, gfraw_in.data(joker, i, j));
        reinterp(gfraw_out.data(Range(ing_min, ing_max - ing_min + 1), i, j),
                 gfraw_in.data(joker, i, j),
                 itw,
                 lag_p);
      }
  } else
    for (Index i = 0; i < gfraw_in.data.nrows(); i++)
      for (Index j = 0; j < gfraw_in.data.ncols(); j++)
        reinterp(
          gfraw_out.data(joker, i, j), gfraw_in.data(joker, i, j), itw, lag_p);
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void GriddedFieldPRegrid(  // WS Generic Output:
    GriddedField4& gfraw_out,
    // WS Input:
    const Vector& p_grid,
    // WS Generic Input:
    const GriddedField4& gfraw_in_orig,
    const Index& interp_order,
    const Index& zeropadding,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  const GriddedField4* gfraw_in_pnt;
  GriddedField4 gfraw_in_copy;
 
  if (&gfraw_in_orig == &gfraw_out) {
    gfraw_in_copy = gfraw_in_orig;
    gfraw_in_pnt = &gfraw_in_copy;
  } else
    gfraw_in_pnt = &gfraw_in_orig;
 
  const GriddedField4& gfraw_in = *gfraw_in_pnt;
 
  const Index p_grid_index = 1;
 
  // Resize output GriddedField and copy all non-latitude/longitude grids
  gfraw_out.resize(gfraw_in.data.nbooks(),
                   p_grid.nelem(),
                   gfraw_in.data.nrows(),
                   gfraw_in.data.ncols());
  gfraw_out.set_grid(0, gfraw_in.get_numeric_grid(0));
  gfraw_out.set_grid_name(0, gfraw_in.get_grid_name(0));
  gfraw_out.set_grid(2, gfraw_in.get_numeric_grid(2));
  gfraw_out.set_grid_name(2, gfraw_in.get_grid_name(2));
  gfraw_out.set_grid(3, gfraw_in.get_numeric_grid(3));
  gfraw_out.set_grid_name(3, gfraw_in.get_grid_name(3));
  
  ArrayOfLagrangeInterpolation lag_p;
  VectorOfVector itw(0);  // nb. it is invalid to use this as it stands here...
 
  Index ing_min, ing_max;
 
  GriddedFieldPRegridHelper(ing_min,
                            ing_max,
                            lag_p,
                            itw,
                            gfraw_out,
                            gfraw_in,
                            p_grid_index,
                            p_grid,
                            interp_order,
                            zeropadding,
                            verbosity);
 
  // Interpolate:
  if (ing_max - ing_min < 0)
    gfraw_out.data = 0.;
  else if (ing_max - ing_min + 1 != p_grid.nelem()) {
    gfraw_out.data = 0.;
    for (Index b = 0; b < gfraw_in.data.nbooks(); b++)
      for (Index i = 0; i < gfraw_in.data.nrows(); i++)
        for (Index j = 0; j < gfraw_in.data.ncols(); j++) {
          //                    chk_interpolation_grids_loose_check_data(ing_min, ing_max,
          //                                                             "Raw field to p_grid",
          //                                                             gfraw_in.get_numeric_grid(p_grid_index),
          //                                                             p_grid, gfraw_in.data(b, joker, i, j));
          reinterp(gfraw_out.data(b, Range(ing_min, ing_max - ing_min), i, j),
                   gfraw_in.data(b, joker, i, j),
                   itw,
                   lag_p);
        }
  } else
    for (Index b = 0; b < gfraw_in.data.nbooks(); b++)
      for (Index i = 0; i < gfraw_in.data.nrows(); i++)
        for (Index j = 0; j < gfraw_in.data.ncols(); j++)
          reinterp(gfraw_out.data(b, joker, i, j),
                   gfraw_in.data(b, joker, i, j),
                   itw,
                   lag_p);
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void GriddedFieldPRegrid(  // WS Generic Output:
    ArrayOfGriddedField3& agfraw_out,
    // WS Input:
    const Vector& p_grid,
    // WS Generic Input:
    const ArrayOfGriddedField3& agfraw_in,
    const Index& interp_order,
    const Index& zeropadding,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  agfraw_out.resize(agfraw_in.nelem());
 
  for (Index i = 0; i < agfraw_in.nelem(); i++) {
    GriddedFieldPRegrid(agfraw_out[i],
                        p_grid,
                        agfraw_in[i],
                        interp_order,
                        zeropadding,
                        verbosity);
  }
}
 
/*
 This helper function is used by all GriddedFieldLatLonRegrid WSMs to do the common
 calculation of the grid positions and interpolation weights for latitudes and longitudes.
 
 \param[out]    gp_lat          Latitude grid positions
 \param[out]    gp_lon          Longitude grid positions
 \param[out]    itw             Interpolation weights
 \param[in,out] gfraw_out       Output GriddedField
 \param[in]     gfraw_in        Input GriddedField
 \param[in]     lat_grid_index  Index of latitude grid
 \param[in]     lon_grid_index  Index of longitude grid
 \param[in]     lat_true        New latitude grid
 \param[in]     lon_true        New longitude grid
 \param[in]     interp_order    Interpolation order
 \param[in]     verbosity       Verbosity levels
 */
void GriddedFieldLatLonRegridHelper(ArrayOfLagrangeInterpolation& lag_lat,
                                    ArrayOfLagrangeInterpolation& lag_lon,
                                    MatrixOfMatrix& itw,
                                    GriddedField& gfraw_out,
                                    const GriddedField& gfraw_in,
                                    const Index lat_grid_index,
                                    const Index lon_grid_index,
                                    ConstVectorView lat_true,
                                    ConstVectorView lon_true,
                                    const Index& interp_order,
                                    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  CREATE_OUT2;
 
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (!lat_true.nelem(),
                      "The new latitude grid is not allowed to be empty.");
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (!lon_true.nelem(),
                      "The new longitude grid is not allowed to be empty.");
 
  chk_griddedfield_gridname(gfraw_in, lat_grid_index, "Latitude");
  chk_griddedfield_gridname(gfraw_in, lon_grid_index, "Longitude");
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (gfraw_in.get_grid_size(lat_grid_index) == 1 ||
      gfraw_in.get_grid_size(lon_grid_index) == 1,
                      "Raw data has to be true 3D data (nlat>1 and nlon>1).");
 
  out2 << "  Interpolation order: " << interp_order << "\n";
 
  const Vector& in_lat_grid = gfraw_in.get_numeric_grid(lat_grid_index);
  const Vector& in_lon_grid = gfraw_in.get_numeric_grid(lon_grid_index);
 
  // Initialize output field. Set grids and copy grid names
  gfraw_out.set_grid(lat_grid_index, lat_true);
  gfraw_out.set_grid_name(lat_grid_index,
                          gfraw_in.get_grid_name(lat_grid_index));
  gfraw_out.set_grid(lon_grid_index, lon_true);
  gfraw_out.set_grid_name(lon_grid_index,
                          gfraw_in.get_grid_name(lon_grid_index));
 
  chk_interpolation_grids(
      "Raw field to lat_grid, 3D case", in_lat_grid, lat_true, interp_order);
 
  // Calculate grid positions:
  lag_lat = Interpolation::LagrangeVector(lat_true, in_lat_grid, interp_order);
  lag_lon = Interpolation::LagrangeVector(lon_true, in_lon_grid, interp_order, 0.5, false, Interpolation::GridType::Cyclic, {0, 360});
  itw = interpweights(lag_lat, lag_lon);
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void GriddedFieldLatLonRegrid(  // WS Generic Output:
    GriddedField2& gfraw_out,
    // WS Input:
    const Vector& lat_true,
    const Vector& lon_true,
    // WS Generic Input:
    const GriddedField2& gfraw_in_orig,
    const Index& interp_order,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (!lat_true.nelem(),
                      "The new latitude grid is not allowed to be empty.");
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (!lon_true.nelem(),
                      "The new longitude grid is not allowed to be empty.");
 
  const GriddedField2* gfraw_in_pnt;
  GriddedField2 gfraw_in_copy;
 
  if (&gfraw_in_orig == &gfraw_out) {
    gfraw_in_copy = gfraw_in_orig;
    gfraw_in_pnt = &gfraw_in_copy;
  } else
    gfraw_in_pnt = &gfraw_in_orig;
 
  const GriddedField2& gfraw_in = *gfraw_in_pnt;
 
  const Index lat_grid_index = 0;
  const Index lon_grid_index = 1;
 
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (gfraw_in.get_grid_size(lat_grid_index) < 2 ||
      gfraw_in.get_grid_size(lon_grid_index) < 2,
      "Raw data has to be true 3D data (nlat>1 and nlon>1).\n"
      "Use GriddedFieldLatLonExpand to convert 1D or 2D data to 3D!\n")
 
  // Resize output GriddedField
  gfraw_out.resize(lat_true.nelem(), lon_true.nelem());
 
  ArrayOfLagrangeInterpolation lag_lat;
  ArrayOfLagrangeInterpolation lag_lon;
  MatrixOfMatrix itw(0, 0);
 
  // If lon grid is cyclic, the data values at 0 and 360 must match
  const Vector& in_lat_grid =
      gfraw_in.get_numeric_grid(lat_grid_index);
  const Vector& in_lon_grid =
      gfraw_in.get_numeric_grid(lon_grid_index);
 
  if (is_lon_cyclic(in_lon_grid)) {
    for (Index lat = 0; lat < in_lat_grid.nelem(); lat++) {
      ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (!is_same_within_epsilon(gfraw_in.data(lat, 0),
                                  gfraw_in.data(lat, in_lon_grid.nelem() - 1),
                                  EPSILON_LON_CYCLIC),
           "Data values at 0 and 360 degrees for a cyclic longitude grid must match: \n"
          , "Mismatch at latitude index    : ", lat, " ("
          , in_lat_grid[lat], " degrees)\n"
          , "Value at 0 degrees longitude  : ", gfraw_in.data(lat, 0)
          , "\n"
          , "Value at 360 degrees longitude: "
          , gfraw_in.data(lat, in_lon_grid.nelem() - 1), "\n"
          , "Difference                    : "
          , gfraw_in.data(lat, in_lon_grid.nelem() - 1) -
                  gfraw_in.data(lat, 0)
          , "\n"
          , "Allowed difference            : ", EPSILON_LON_CYCLIC)
    }
  }
 
  GriddedFieldLatLonRegridHelper(lag_lat,
                                 lag_lon,
                                 itw,
                                 gfraw_out,
                                 gfraw_in,
                                 lat_grid_index,
                                 lon_grid_index,
                                 lat_true,
                                 lon_true,
                                 interp_order,
                                 verbosity);
 
  // Interpolate:
  reinterp(gfraw_out.data, gfraw_in.data, itw, lag_lat, lag_lon);
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void GriddedFieldLatLonRegrid(  // WS Generic Output:
    GriddedField3& gfraw_out,
    // WS Input:
    const Vector& lat_true,
    const Vector& lon_true,
    // WS Generic Input:
    const GriddedField3& gfraw_in_orig,
    const Index& interp_order,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (!lat_true.nelem(),
    "The new latitude grid is not allowed to be empty.");
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (!lon_true.nelem(),
    "The new longitude grid is not allowed to be empty.");
 
  const GriddedField3* gfraw_in_pnt;
  GriddedField3 gfraw_in_copy;
 
  if (&gfraw_in_orig == &gfraw_out) {
    gfraw_in_copy = gfraw_in_orig;
    gfraw_in_pnt = &gfraw_in_copy;
  } else
    gfraw_in_pnt = &gfraw_in_orig;
 
  const GriddedField3& gfraw_in = *gfraw_in_pnt;
 
  const Index lat_grid_index = 1;
  const Index lon_grid_index = 2;
 
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (gfraw_in.get_grid_size(lat_grid_index) < 2 ||
      gfraw_in.get_grid_size(lon_grid_index) < 2,
      "Raw data has to be true 3D data (nlat>1 and nlon>1).\n"
      "Use GriddedFieldLatLonExpand to convert 1D or 2D data to 3D!\n")
 
  // Resize output GriddedField and copy all non-latitude/longitude grids
  gfraw_out.resize(gfraw_in.data.npages(), lat_true.nelem(), lon_true.nelem());
  gfraw_out.set_grid(0, gfraw_in.get_numeric_grid(0));
  gfraw_out.set_grid_name(0, gfraw_in.get_grid_name(0));
  
  ArrayOfLagrangeInterpolation lag_lat;
  ArrayOfLagrangeInterpolation lag_lon;
  MatrixOfMatrix itw(0, 0);
 
  // If lon grid is cyclic, the data values at 0 and 360 must match
  const Vector& in_grid0 = gfraw_in.get_numeric_grid(0);
  const Vector& in_lat_grid =
      gfraw_in.get_numeric_grid(lat_grid_index);
  const Vector& in_lon_grid =
      gfraw_in.get_numeric_grid(lon_grid_index);
 
  if (is_lon_cyclic(in_lon_grid)) {
    for (Index g0 = 0; g0 < in_grid0.nelem(); g0++)
      for (Index lat = 0; lat < in_lat_grid.nelem(); lat++) {
        ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (!is_same_within_epsilon(
                gfraw_in.data(g0, lat, 0),
                gfraw_in.data(g0, lat, in_lon_grid.nelem() - 1),
                EPSILON_LON_CYCLIC),
             "Data values at 0 and 360 degrees for a cyclic longitude grid must match: \n"
             , "Mismatch at 1st grid index    : " , g0 , " (" , in_grid0[g0]
             , ")\n"
             , "         at latitude index    : " , lat , " ("
             , in_lat_grid[lat] , " degrees)\n"
             , "Value at 0 degrees longitude  : " , gfraw_in.data(g0, lat, 0)
             , "\n"
             , "Value at 360 degrees longitude: "
             , gfraw_in.data(g0, lat, in_lon_grid.nelem() - 1) , "\n"
             , "Difference                    : "
             , gfraw_in.data(g0, lat, in_lon_grid.nelem() - 1) -
                    gfraw_in.data(g0, lat, 0)
             , "\n"
             , "Allowed difference            : " , EPSILON_LON_CYCLIC)
      }
  }
 
  GriddedFieldLatLonRegridHelper(lag_lat,
                                 lag_lon,
                                 itw,
                                 gfraw_out,
                                 gfraw_in,
                                 lat_grid_index,
                                 lon_grid_index,
                                 lat_true,
                                 lon_true,
                                 interp_order,
                                 verbosity);
 
  // Interpolate:
  for (Index i = 0; i < gfraw_in.data.npages(); i++)
    reinterp(gfraw_out.data(i, joker, joker),
             gfraw_in.data(i, joker, joker),
             itw,
             lag_lat,
             lag_lon);
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void GriddedFieldLatLonRegrid(  // WS Generic Output:
    GriddedField4& gfraw_out,
    // WS Input:
    const Vector& lat_true,
    const Vector& lon_true,
    // WS Generic Input:
    const GriddedField4& gfraw_in_orig,
    const Index& interp_order,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (!lat_true.nelem(),
                      "The new latitude grid is not allowed to be empty.");
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (!lon_true.nelem(),
                      "The new longitude grid is not allowed to be empty.");
 
  const GriddedField4* gfraw_in_pnt;
  GriddedField4 gfraw_in_copy;
 
  if (&gfraw_in_orig == &gfraw_out) {
    gfraw_in_copy = gfraw_in_orig;
    gfraw_in_pnt = &gfraw_in_copy;
  } else
    gfraw_in_pnt = &gfraw_in_orig;
 
  const GriddedField4& gfraw_in = *gfraw_in_pnt;
 
  const Index lat_grid_index = 2;
  const Index lon_grid_index = 3;
 
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (gfraw_in.get_grid_size(lat_grid_index) < 2 ||
                      gfraw_in.get_grid_size(lon_grid_index) < 2,
      "Raw data has to be true 3D data (nlat>1 and nlon>1).\n"
      "Use GriddedFieldLatLonExpand to convert 1D or 2D data to 3D!\n")
 
  // Resize output GriddedField and copy all non-latitude/longitude grids
  gfraw_out.resize(gfraw_in.data.nbooks(),
                   gfraw_in.data.npages(),
                   lat_true.nelem(),
                   lon_true.nelem());
  gfraw_out.set_grid(0, gfraw_in.get_numeric_grid(0));
  gfraw_out.set_grid_name(0, gfraw_in.get_grid_name(0));
  gfraw_out.set_grid(1, gfraw_in.get_numeric_grid(1));
  gfraw_out.set_grid_name(1, gfraw_in.get_grid_name(1));
  
  ArrayOfLagrangeInterpolation lag_lat;
  ArrayOfLagrangeInterpolation lag_lon;
  MatrixOfMatrix itw(0, 0);
 
  GriddedFieldLatLonRegridHelper(lag_lat,
                                 lag_lon,
                                 itw,
                                 gfraw_out,
                                 gfraw_in,
                                 lat_grid_index,
                                 lon_grid_index,
                                 lat_true,
                                 lon_true,
                                 interp_order,
                                 verbosity);
 
  // If lon grid is cyclic, the data values at 0 and 360 must match
  const Vector& in_grid0 = gfraw_in.get_numeric_grid(0);
  const Vector& in_grid1 = gfraw_in.get_numeric_grid(1);
  const Vector& in_lat_grid =
      gfraw_in.get_numeric_grid(lat_grid_index);
  const Vector& in_lon_grid =
      gfraw_in.get_numeric_grid(lon_grid_index);
 
  if (is_lon_cyclic(in_lon_grid)) {
    for (Index g0 = 0; g0 < in_grid0.nelem(); g0++)
      for (Index g1 = 0; g1 < in_grid1.nelem(); g1++)
        for (Index lat = 0; lat < in_lat_grid.nelem(); lat++) {
          ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (!is_same_within_epsilon(
                  gfraw_in.data(g0, g1, lat, 0),
                  gfraw_in.data(g0, g1, lat, in_lon_grid.nelem() - 1),
                  EPSILON_LON_CYCLIC),
              "Data values at 0 and 360 degrees for a cyclic longitude grid must match: \n"
              "Mismatch at 1st grid index    : ", g0, " ("
              , in_grid0[g0], ")\n"
              , "         at 2nd grid index    : ", g1, " ("
              , in_grid1[g1], ")\n"
              , "         at latitude index    : ", lat, " ("
              , in_lat_grid[lat], " degrees)\n"
              , "Value at 0 degrees longitude  : "
              , gfraw_in.data(g0, g1, lat, 0), "\n"
              , "Value at 360 degrees longitude: "
              , gfraw_in.data(g0, g1, lat, in_lon_grid.nelem() - 1), "\n"
              , "Difference                    : "
              , gfraw_in.data(g0, g1, lat, in_lon_grid.nelem() - 1) -
                      gfraw_in.data(g0, g1, lat, 0)
              , "\n"
              , "Allowed difference            : ", EPSILON_LON_CYCLIC)
        }
  }
 
  // Interpolate:
  for (Index i = 0; i < gfraw_in.data.nbooks(); i++)
    for (Index j = 0; j < gfraw_in.data.npages(); j++)
      reinterp(gfraw_out.data(i, j, joker, joker),
               gfraw_in.data(i, j, joker, joker),
               itw,
               lag_lat,
               lag_lon);
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void GriddedFieldLatLonRegrid(  // WS Generic Output:
    ArrayOfGriddedField3& agfraw_out,
    // WS Input:
    const Vector& lat_true,
    const Vector& lon_true,
    // WS Generic Input:
    const ArrayOfGriddedField3& agfraw_in,
    const Index& interp_order,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  agfraw_out.resize(agfraw_in.nelem());
 
  for (Index i = 0; i < agfraw_in.nelem(); i++) {
    GriddedFieldLatLonRegrid(agfraw_out[i],
                             lat_true,
                             lon_true,
                             agfraw_in[i],
                             interp_order,
                             verbosity);
  }
}
 
/*
 This helper function is used by GriddedFieldZToPRegrid WSM to do the common
 calculation of the grid positions and interpolation weights for latitudes and longitudes.
 
 \param[out]    ing_min       Index in the new grid with first value covered
 by the old grid.
 \param[out]    ing_max       Index in the new grid with last value covered
 by the old grid.
 \param[out]    gp_p          Altitude grid positions
 \param[out]    itw           Interpolation weights
 \param[in]     gfraw_in      Input GriddedField
 \param[in]     z_grid_index  Index of altitude grid
 \param[in]     z_grid        New z_grid grid
 \param[in]     interp_order  Interpolation order
 \param[in]     zeropadding   Allow zero padding
 \param[in]     verbosity     Verbosity levels
 */
void GriddedFieldZToPRegridHelper(Index& ing_min,
                                  Index& ing_max,
                                  ArrayOfLagrangeInterpolation& lag_p,
                                  VectorOfVector& itw,
                                  const GriddedField& gfraw_in,
                                  const Index z_grid_index,
                                  ConstVectorView z_grid,
                                  const Index& interp_order,
                                  const Index& zeropadding,
                                  const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  CREATE_OUT2;
 
  chk_griddedfield_gridname(gfraw_in, z_grid_index, "Altitude");
 
  out2 << "  Interpolation order: " << interp_order << "\n";
 
  const Vector& in_z_grid = gfraw_in.get_numeric_grid(z_grid_index);
 
  if (zeropadding) {
    if (in_z_grid[0] > z_grid[z_grid.nelem() - 1] ||
        in_z_grid[in_z_grid.nelem() - 1] < z_grid[0]) {
      ing_min = 0;
      ing_max = ing_min - 1;
    } else
      chk_interpolation_grids_loose_no_data_check(ing_min,
                                                  ing_max,
                                                  "Raw field to z_grid",
                                                  in_z_grid,
                                                  z_grid,
                                                  interp_order);
  } else {
    ing_min = 0;
    ing_max = z_grid.nelem() - 1;
    chk_interpolation_pgrids(
        "Raw field to p_grid", in_z_grid, z_grid, interp_order);
  }
 
  Index nelem_in_range = ing_max - ing_min + 1;
 
  // Calculate grid positions:
  if (nelem_in_range > 0) {
    lag_p = Interpolation::LagrangeVector(z_grid[Range(ing_min, nelem_in_range)], in_z_grid, interp_order);
    itw = interpweights(lag_p);
  }
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void GriddedFieldZToPRegrid(   // WS Generic Output:
    GriddedField3& gfraw_out,  //grid in P
    // WS Input:
    const Vector& p_grid,
    const Vector& lat_grid,
    const Vector& lon_grid,
    const Tensor3& z_field,
    // WS Generic Input:
    const GriddedField3& gfraw_in_orig,  //grid in Z
    const Index& interp_order,           // Only linear interpolation allowed
    const Index& zeropadding,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  // z_field must be of the same size as its grids
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (!((z_field.npages() == p_grid.nelem() &&
         z_field.nrows() == lat_grid.nelem()) &&
        z_field.ncols() == lon_grid.nelem()),
        "*z_field* must be of the same size as *p_grid*, *lat_grid*, and *lon_grid* in *GriddedFieldZToPRegrid*.");
 
  // Must name the dimension "Altitude" to ensure user is aware of what they are doing.
  chk_griddedfield_gridname(gfraw_in_orig, 0, "Altitude");
 
  // Each lat and lon grid must be identical between z_field and in field
  const Vector& lat_in = gfraw_in_orig.get_numeric_grid(1);
  const Vector& lon_in = gfraw_in_orig.get_numeric_grid(2);
 
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (lat_grid.nelem() != lat_in.nelem() || lon_grid.nelem() != lon_in.nelem(),
        "Gridding of field to regrid is bad.\n*GriddedFieldZToPRegrid* requires latitude and longitude to be on the same grid as *z_field*.");
  for (Index ii = 0; ii < lat_grid.nelem(); ii++)
    ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (lat_grid[ii] != lat_in[ii],
          "Gridding of field to regrid is bad.\n*GriddedFieldZToPRegrid* requires latitude and longitude of the gridded field to be the same as for *z_field*.");
  for (Index ii = 0; ii < lon_grid.nelem(); ii++)
    ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (lon_grid[ii] != lon_in[ii],
          "Gridding of field to regrid is bad.\n*GriddedFieldZToPRegrid* requires latitude and longitude of the gridded field to be the same as for *z_field*.");
 
  // Pointer in case output is input variable (same memory allocated)
  const GriddedField3* gfraw_in_pnt;
  GriddedField3 gfraw_in_copy;
 
  if (&gfraw_in_orig == &gfraw_out) {
    gfraw_in_copy = gfraw_in_orig;
    gfraw_in_pnt = &gfraw_in_copy;
  } else
    gfraw_in_pnt = &gfraw_in_orig;
 
  // Now output and input are separate variables (not allocating the same memory)
  const GriddedField3& gfraw_in = *gfraw_in_pnt;
 
  // Right size and order
  gfraw_out.resize(p_grid.nelem(), lat_grid.nelem(), lon_grid.nelem());
  gfraw_out.set_grid(0, p_grid);
  gfraw_out.set_grid_name(0, "Pressure");
  gfraw_out.set_grid(1, lat_grid);
  gfraw_out.set_grid_name(1, gfraw_in.get_grid_name(1));
  gfraw_out.set_grid(2, lon_grid);
  gfraw_out.set_grid_name(2, gfraw_in.get_grid_name(2));
  gfraw_out.data = 0.;
 
  ArrayOfLagrangeInterpolation lag_p;
  VectorOfVector itw(0);  // nb. it is invalid to use this as it stands here...
 
  Index ing_min, ing_max;
 
  for (Index lat_index = 0; lat_index < lat_grid.nelem(); lat_index++) {
    for (Index lon_index = 0; lon_index < lon_grid.nelem(); lon_index++) {
      const Vector z_out = z_field(joker, lat_index, lon_index);
 
      GriddedFieldZToPRegridHelper(ing_min,
                                   ing_max,
                                   lag_p,
                                   itw,
                                   gfraw_in,
                                   0,
                                   z_out,
                                   interp_order,
                                   zeropadding,
                                   verbosity);
 
      if (ing_max - ing_min >= 0) {
        Range r = joker;
 
        if (ing_max - ing_min + 1 != z_out.nelem()) {
          r = Range(ing_min, ing_max - ing_min + 1);
        }
 
        reinterp(gfraw_out.data(r, lat_index, lon_index),
                 gfraw_in.data(joker, lat_index, lon_index),
                 itw,
                 lag_p);
      }
    }
  }
}
 
// Workspace method, doxygen header will be auto-generated.
// 2007-07-25 Stefan Buehler
void atm_fields_compactFromMatrix(  // WS Output:
    GriddedField4& af,              // atm_fields_compact
    // WS Input:
    const Index& atmosphere_dim,
    // WS Generic Input:
    const Matrix& im,
    // Control Parameters:
    const ArrayOfString& field_names,
    const Verbosity&) {
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (1 != atmosphere_dim,
    "Atmospheric dimension must be 1.")
 
  const Index np = im.nrows();      // Number of pressure levels.
  const Index nf = im.ncols() - 1;  // Total number of fields.
  ArrayOfIndex f_1;                 // indices of non-ignored fields
      // All fields called "ignore" will be ignored.
  String fn_upper;  // Temporary variable to hold upper case field_names.
 
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (field_names.nelem() != nf,
    "Cannot extract fields from Matrix.\n"
    "*field_names* must have one element less than there are\n"
    "matrix columns.")
 
  // Remove additional fields from the field_names. All fields that
  // are flagged by 'ignore' in the field names, small or large letters,
  // are removed.
  for (Index f = 0; f < field_names.nelem(); f++) {
    fn_upper = field_names[f];
    fn_upper.toupper();
    //cout << "fieldname[" << f << "]: " << fn_upper;
    if (fn_upper != "IGNORE") {
      f_1.push_back(f);
      //cout << " put as element " << f_1.size()-1 << " into selection\n";
    }
  }
 
  // Copy required field_names to a new variable called field_names_1
  Index nf_1 = f_1.size();  // Number of required fields.
  ArrayOfString field_names_1(nf_1);
  for (Index f = 0; f < nf_1; f++) {
    field_names_1[f] = field_names[f_1[f]];
    //cout << "new fieldname[" << f << "] (formerly [" << f_1[f] << "]): "
    //     << field_names_1[f] << "\n";
  }
 
  //  out3 << "Copying *" << im_name << "* to *atm_fields_compact*.\n";
 
  af.set_grid(GFIELD4_FIELD_NAMES, field_names_1);
 
  af.set_grid(GFIELD4_P_GRID, im(Range(joker), 0));
 
  af.set_grid(GFIELD4_LAT_GRID, Vector());
  af.set_grid(GFIELD4_LON_GRID, Vector());
 
  af.resize(nf_1, np, 1, 1);  // Resize it according to the required fields
  for (Index f = 0; f < nf_1; f++)
    af.data(f, Range(joker), 0, 0) = im(Range(joker), f_1[f] + 1);
}
 
// Workspace method, doxygen header is auto-generated.
// 2007-07-31 Stefan Buehler
// 2011-05-04 Adapted by Gerrit Holl
void atm_fields_compactAddConstant(  // WS Output:
    GriddedField4& af,
    // Control Parameters:
    const String& name,
    const Numeric& value,
    const Index& prepend,
    const ArrayOfString& condensibles,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  Index nf;  // Will hold new size
 
  // Add book
  atm_fields_compactExpand(af, nf, name, prepend, verbosity);
 
  if (condensibles.nelem()) {
    const Tensor4& vmrs = af.data;
    const ArrayOfString& species = af.get_string_grid(GFIELD4_FIELD_NAMES);
    Tensor3 condensible_sum(vmrs.npages(), vmrs.nrows(), vmrs.ncols(), 1.);
    for (Index c = 0; c < condensibles.nelem(); c++) {
      bool species_found = false;
      for (Index i = 0; !species_found && i < species.nelem(); i++) {
        if (species[i] == condensibles[c]) {
          condensible_sum -= vmrs(i, joker, joker, joker);
          species_found = true;
        }
      }
      ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (!species_found,
        "Condensible species \"", condensibles[c], "\" not found "
        "in input data.")
    }
    condensible_sum *= value;
    // Add the constant value:
    if (prepend)
      af.data(0, joker, joker, joker) = condensible_sum;
    else
      af.data(nf - 1, joker, joker, joker) = condensible_sum;
  } else {
    // Add the constant value:
    if (prepend)
      af.data(0, joker, joker, joker) = value;
    else
      af.data(nf - 1, joker, joker, joker) = value;
  }
}
 
// Workspace method, doxygen header is auto-generated
// 2011-05-02 Gerrit Holl
void atm_fields_compactAddSpecies(  // WS Output:
    GriddedField4& atm_fields_compact,
    // WS Generic Input:
    const String& name,
    const GriddedField3& species,
    const Index& prepend,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  ARTS_ASSERT(atm_fields_compact.checksize());
  ARTS_ASSERT(species.checksize());
 
  ConstVectorView af_p_grid =
      atm_fields_compact.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD4_P_GRID);
  ConstVectorView af_lat_grid =
      atm_fields_compact.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD4_LAT_GRID);
  ConstVectorView af_lon_grid =
      atm_fields_compact.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD4_LON_GRID);
  ConstVectorView sp_p_grid = species.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_P_GRID);
  ConstVectorView sp_lat_grid = species.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_LAT_GRID);
  ConstVectorView sp_lon_grid = species.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_LON_GRID);
 
  Index new_n_fields;  // To be set in next line
  atm_fields_compactExpand(
      atm_fields_compact, new_n_fields, name, prepend, verbosity);
 
  const Index insert_pos = (prepend) ? 0 : new_n_fields - 1;
 
  // Interpolate species to atm_fields_compact
 
  // Common for all dim
  chk_interpolation_grids(
      "species p_grid to atm_fields_compact p_grid", sp_p_grid, af_p_grid);
  ArrayOfGridPos p_gridpos(af_p_grid.nelem());
  // gridpos(p_gridpos, sp_p_grid, af_p_grid);
  p2gridpos(p_gridpos, sp_p_grid, af_p_grid);
 
  if (sp_lat_grid.nelem() > 1) {
    // Common for all dim>=2
    chk_interpolation_grids("species lat_grid to atm_fields_compact lat_grid",
                            sp_lat_grid,
                            af_lat_grid);
    ArrayOfGridPos lat_gridpos(af_lat_grid.nelem());
    gridpos(lat_gridpos, sp_lat_grid, af_lat_grid);
 
    if (sp_lon_grid.nelem() > 1) {  // 3D-case
      chk_interpolation_grids("species lon_grid to atm_fields_compact lon_grid",
                              sp_lon_grid,
                              af_lon_grid);
      ArrayOfGridPos lon_gridpos(af_lon_grid.nelem());
      gridpos(lon_gridpos, sp_lon_grid, af_lon_grid);
 
      Tensor4 itw(
          p_gridpos.nelem(), lat_gridpos.nelem(), lon_gridpos.nelem(), 8);
      interpweights(itw, p_gridpos, lat_gridpos, lon_gridpos);
 
      Tensor3 newfield(
          af_p_grid.nelem(), af_lat_grid.nelem(), af_lon_grid.nelem());
      interp(newfield, itw, species.data, p_gridpos, lat_gridpos, lon_gridpos);
 
      atm_fields_compact.data(insert_pos, joker, joker, joker) = newfield;
    } else {  // 2D-case
 
      Tensor3 itw(p_gridpos.nelem(), lat_gridpos.nelem(), 4);
      interpweights(itw, p_gridpos, lat_gridpos);
 
      Matrix newfield(af_p_grid.nelem(), af_lat_grid.nelem());
      interp(
          newfield, itw, species.data(joker, joker, 0), p_gridpos, lat_gridpos);
 
      atm_fields_compact.data(insert_pos, joker, joker, 0) = newfield;
    }
  } else {  // 1D-case
    Matrix itw(p_gridpos.nelem(), 2);
    interpweights(itw, p_gridpos);
 
    Vector newfield(af_p_grid.nelem());
    interp(newfield, itw, species.data(joker, 0, 0), p_gridpos);
 
    atm_fields_compact.data(insert_pos, joker, 0, 0) = newfield;
  }
}
 
// Workspace method, doxygen header is auto-generated
// 2015-06-30 Jana Mendrok
void atm_fields_compactCleanup(  //WS Output:
    GriddedField4& atm_fields_compact,
    //WS Input:
    const Numeric& threshold,
    const Verbosity&) {
  ARTS_ASSERT(atm_fields_compact.checksize());
  Tensor4View afd = atm_fields_compact.data;
 
  // Check that the data tensor does not contain realistically low (e.g.
  // negative) values. Values smaller than threshold will be set to 0).
  // Ignore T and z, though.
  for (Index i = 0; i < afd.nbooks(); i++)
    if (atm_fields_compact.get_string_grid(GFIELD4_FIELD_NAMES)[i] != "T" &&
        atm_fields_compact.get_string_grid(GFIELD4_FIELD_NAMES)[i] != "z")
      for (Index j = 0; j < afd.npages(); j++)
        for (Index k = 0; k < afd.nrows(); k++)
          for (Index l = 0; l < afd.ncols(); l++)
            if (afd(i, j, k, l) < threshold) afd(i, j, k, l) = 0.0;
}
 
// Workspace method, doxygen header is auto-generated
void atm_fields_compactCreateFromField(  // WS Output:
    GriddedField4& atm_fields_compact,
    // WS Generic Input:
    const String& name,
    const GriddedField3& field,
    const Verbosity&) {
  ARTS_ASSERT(field.checksize());
 
  ConstVectorView sp_p_grid = field.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_P_GRID);
  ConstVectorView sp_lat_grid = field.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_LAT_GRID);
  ConstVectorView sp_lon_grid = field.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_LON_GRID);
  ArrayOfString sp_name_grid(1);
  sp_name_grid[0] = name;
 
  atm_fields_compact.set_grid(0, sp_name_grid);
  atm_fields_compact.set_grid(1, sp_p_grid);
  atm_fields_compact.set_grid(2, sp_lat_grid);
  atm_fields_compact.set_grid(3, sp_lon_grid);
 
  atm_fields_compact.data.resize(
      1, sp_p_grid.nelem(), sp_lat_grid.nelem(), sp_lon_grid.nelem());
 
  atm_fields_compact.data(0, joker, joker, joker) = field.data;
}
 
// Workspace method, doxygen header is auto-generated
// 2011-05-11 Gerrit Holl
void batch_atm_fields_compactAddConstant(  // WS Output:
    ArrayOfGriddedField4& batch_atm_fields_compact,
    // WS Generic Input:
    const String& name,
    const Numeric& value,
    const Index& prepend,
    const ArrayOfString& condensibles,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  for (Index i = 0; i < batch_atm_fields_compact.nelem(); i++) {
    atm_fields_compactAddConstant(batch_atm_fields_compact[i],
                                  name,
                                  value,
                                  prepend,
                                  condensibles,
                                  verbosity);
  }
}
 
// Workspace method, doxygen header is auto-generated
// 2011-05-09 Gerrit Holl
void batch_atm_fields_compactAddSpecies(  // WS Output:
    ArrayOfGriddedField4& batch_atm_fields_compact,
    // WS Generic Input:
    const String& name,
    const GriddedField3& species,
    const Index& prepend,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  const Index nelem = batch_atm_fields_compact.nelem();
 
  String fail_msg;
  bool failed = false;
 
  // Parallelise this for-loop (some interpolation is being done, so it may
  // be beneficial)
#pragma omp parallel for if (!arts_omp_in_parallel() && \
                             nelem >= arts_omp_get_max_threads())
  for (Index i = 0; i < nelem; i++) {
    try {
      atm_fields_compactAddSpecies(
          batch_atm_fields_compact[i], name, species, prepend, verbosity);
    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
#pragma omp critical(batch_atm_fields_compactAddSpecies_fail)
      {
        fail_msg = e.what();
        failed = true;
      }
    }
  }
 
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (failed, fail_msg);
}
 
// Workspace method, doxygen header is auto-generated
// 2015-06-30 Jana Mendrok
void batch_atm_fields_compactCleanup(  //WS Output:
    ArrayOfGriddedField4& batch_atm_fields_compact,
    //WS Input:
    const Numeric& threshold,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  for (Index i = 0; i < batch_atm_fields_compact.nelem(); i++) {
    atm_fields_compactCleanup(
        batch_atm_fields_compact[i], threshold, verbosity);
  }
}
 
// Workspace method, doxygen header is auto-generated.
void batch_atm_fields_compactFromArrayOfMatrix(  // WS Output:
    ArrayOfGriddedField4& batch_atm_fields_compact,
    // WS Input:
    const Index& atmosphere_dim,
    // WS Generic Input:
    const ArrayOfMatrix& am,
    // Control Parameters:
    const ArrayOfString& field_names,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  const Index amnelem = am.nelem();
 
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (amnelem == 0,
      "No elements in atmospheric scenario batch.\n"
      "Check, whether any batch atmosphere file has been read!")
 
  // We use the existing WSMs atm_fields_compactFromMatrix and
  // atm_fields_compactAddConstant to do most of the work.
 
  // Make output variable the proper size:
  batch_atm_fields_compact.resize(amnelem);
 
  String fail_msg;
  bool failed = false;
 
  // Loop the batch cases:
#pragma omp parallel for if (!arts_omp_in_parallel() && \
                             amnelem >= arts_omp_get_max_threads())
  for (Index i = 0; i < amnelem; ++i) {
    // Skip remaining iterations if an error occurred
    if (failed) continue;
 
    // All the input variables are visible here, despite the
    // "default(none)". The reason is that they are return by
    // reference arguments of this function, which are shared
    // automatically.
 
    // The try block here is necessary to correctly handle
    // exceptions inside the parallel region.
    try {
      atm_fields_compactFromMatrix(batch_atm_fields_compact[i],
                                   atmosphere_dim,
                                   am[i],
                                   field_names,
                                   verbosity);
    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
#pragma omp critical(batch_atm_fields_compactFromArrayOfMatrix_fail)
      {
        fail_msg = e.what();
        failed = true;
      }
    }
  }
 
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (failed, fail_msg);
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void AtmFieldsAndParticleBulkPropFieldFromCompact(  // WS Output:
    Vector& p_grid,
    Vector& lat_grid,
    Vector& lon_grid,
    Tensor3& t_field,
    Tensor3& z_field,
    Tensor4& vmr_field,
    Tensor4& particle_bulkprop_field,
    ArrayOfString& particle_bulkprop_names,
 
    // WS Input:
    const ArrayOfArrayOfSpeciesTag& abs_species,
    const GriddedField4& atm_fields_compact,
    const Index& atmosphere_dim,
    const String& delim,
    const Numeric& p_min,
    // Control parameters:
    const Index& check_gridnames,
    const Verbosity&) {
  // Make a handle on atm_fields_compact to save typing:
  const GriddedField4& c = atm_fields_compact;
 
  // Check if the grids in our data match atmosphere_dim
  // (throws an error if the dimensionality is not correct):
  chk_atm_grids(atmosphere_dim,
                c.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD4_P_GRID),
                c.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD4_LAT_GRID),
                c.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD4_LON_GRID));
 
  // Optional check for gridnames.
  if (check_gridnames == 1) {
    chk_griddedfield_gridname(c, 1, "Pressure");
    chk_griddedfield_gridname(c, 2, "Latitude");
    chk_griddedfield_gridname(c, 3, "Longitude");
  }
 
  const Index nf = c.get_grid_size(GFIELD4_FIELD_NAMES);
  const Index np = c.get_grid_size(GFIELD4_P_GRID);
  //  const Index nlat = c.get_grid_size(GFIELD4_LAT_GRID);
  //  const Index nlon = c.get_grid_size(GFIELD4_LON_GRID);
  Index nlat = c.get_grid_size(GFIELD4_LAT_GRID);
  Index nlon = c.get_grid_size(GFIELD4_LON_GRID);
  if (nlat == 0) nlat++;
  if (nlon == 0) nlon++;
 
  // Grids:
  p_grid = c.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD4_P_GRID);
  lat_grid = c.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD4_LAT_GRID);
  lon_grid = c.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD4_LON_GRID);
 
  // Reduce p_grid to region below p_min
  Index l = np - 1;
  bool search_toa = true;
  while (search_toa && l > 0) {
    if (p_grid[l - 1] < p_min)
      l--;
    else
      search_toa = false;
  }
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (search_toa,
      "At least one atmospheric level with pressure larger p_min (=",
      p_min, ")\n"
      "is needed, but none is found.")
  const Index npn = l + 1;
  p_grid = p_grid[Range(0, npn)];
 
  const Index nsa = abs_species.nelem();
 
  // Check that there is at least one VMR species:
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (nsa < 1,
    "There must be at least one absorption species.")
 
  // In contrast to older versions, we allow the data entries to be in arbitrary
  // order. that is, we have to look for all fields individually. we require the
  // abs_species related fields as well as the scat_species related fields to
  // have leading identifiers, namely 'abs_species' and 'scat_species'. it is
  // not mandatory that all fields available in atm_field_compact are applied
  // through abs_species and scat_species; left over fields are silently
  // ignored.
  // For temperature and altitude, occurence of exactly one field entry is
  // ensured. For other fields, the first match is used.
  // FIXME: or should a match be removed such that a second species occurence
  // would match a later-in-line field?
 
  bool found;
  const String as_type = "abs_species";
  const String ss_type = "scat_species";
 
  // Find temperature field:
  found = false;
  t_field.resize(npn, nlat, nlon);
  for (Index i = 0; i < nf; ++i) {
    if (c.get_string_grid(GFIELD4_FIELD_NAMES)[i] == "T") {
      ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (found,
          "Only one temperature ('T') field allowed,\n"
          "but found at least 2.")
      found = true;
      t_field = c.data(i, Range(0, npn), Range(joker), Range(joker));
    }
  }
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (!found,
    "One temperature ('T') field required, but none found")
 
  // Find Altitude field:
  found = false;
  z_field.resize(npn, nlat, nlon);
  for (Index i = 0; i < nf; ++i) {
    if (c.get_string_grid(GFIELD4_FIELD_NAMES)[i] == "z") {
      ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (found,
          "Only one altitude ('z') field allowed,\n"
          "but found at least 2.")
      found = true;
      z_field = c.data(i, Range(0, npn), Range(joker), Range(joker));
    }
  }
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (!found,
    "One altitude ('z') field required, but none found")
 
  // Extracting the required abs_species fields:
 
  vmr_field.resize(nsa, npn, nlat, nlon);
  for (Index j = 0; j < nsa; ++j) {
    const String as_name = Species::toShortName(abs_species[j][0].Spec());
    found = false;
    Index i = 0;
    String species_type;
    String species_name;
    while (!found && i < nf) {
      parse_atmcompact_speciestype(
          species_type, c.get_string_grid(GFIELD4_FIELD_NAMES)[i], delim);
      // do we have an abs_species type field?
      if (species_type == as_type) {
        parse_atmcompact_speciesname(
            species_name, c.get_string_grid(GFIELD4_FIELD_NAMES)[i], delim);
        if (species_name == as_name) {
          found = true;
          vmr_field(j, Range(joker), Range(joker), Range(joker)) =
              c.data(i, Range(0, npn), Range(joker), Range(joker));
        }
      }
      i++;
    }
    ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (!found,
      "No field for absorption species '", as_name, "' found.")
  }
 
  //get the number of scat_species entries
  std::vector<Index> Idx;
 
  String species_type;
  for (Index i = 0; i < nf; ++i) {
    parse_atmcompact_speciestype(
        species_type, c.get_string_grid(GFIELD4_FIELD_NAMES)[i], delim);
 
    if (species_type == ss_type) {
      Idx.push_back(i);
    }
  }
 
  const Index nsp = Idx.size();
 
  // Extracting the required scattering species fields:
  particle_bulkprop_field.resize(nsp, npn, nlat, nlon);
  particle_bulkprop_field = NAN;
  particle_bulkprop_names.resize(nsp);
 
  // put scat_species entries in particle_bulkprop_field
 
  for (Index j = 0; j < nsp; ++j) {
    String species_name;
    String scat_type;
 
    parse_atmcompact_scattype(
        scat_type, c.get_string_grid(GFIELD4_FIELD_NAMES)[Idx[j]], delim);
 
    parse_atmcompact_speciesname(
        species_name, c.get_string_grid(GFIELD4_FIELD_NAMES)[Idx[j]], delim);
 
    particle_bulkprop_field(j, Range(joker), Range(joker), Range(joker)) =
        c.data(Idx[j], Range(0, npn), Range(joker), Range(joker));
 
    particle_bulkprop_names[j] = species_name + delim + scat_type;
  }
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void AtmosphereSet1D(  // WS Output:
    Index& atmosphere_dim,
    Vector& lat_grid,
    Vector& lon_grid,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  CREATE_OUT2;
  CREATE_OUT3;
 
  out2 << "  Sets the atmospheric dimensionality to 1.\n";
  out3 << "    atmosphere_dim = 1\n";
  out3 << "    lat_grid is set to be an empty vector\n";
  out3 << "    lon_grid is set to be an empty vector\n";
 
  atmosphere_dim = 1;
  lat_grid.resize(0);
  lon_grid.resize(0);
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void AtmosphereSet2D(  // WS Output:
    Index& atmosphere_dim,
    Vector& lon_grid,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  CREATE_OUT2;
  CREATE_OUT3;
 
  out2 << "  Sets the atmospheric dimensionality to 2.\n";
  out3 << "    atmosphere_dim = 2\n";
  out3 << "    lon_grid is set to be an empty vector\n";
 
  atmosphere_dim = 2;
  lon_grid.resize(0);
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void AtmosphereSet3D(  // WS Output:
    Index& atmosphere_dim,
    Vector& lat_true,
    Vector& lon_true,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  CREATE_OUT2;
  CREATE_OUT3;
 
  out2 << "  Sets the atmospheric dimensionality to 3.\n";
  out3 << "    atmosphere_dim = 3\n";
 
  atmosphere_dim = 3;
  lat_true.resize(0);
  lon_true.resize(0);
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void AtmFieldsCalc(  //WS Output:
    Tensor3& t_field,
    Tensor3& z_field,
    Tensor4& vmr_field,
    EnergyLevelMap& nlte_field,
    //WS Input
    const Vector& p_grid,
    const Vector& lat_grid,
    const Vector& lon_grid,
    const GriddedField3& t_field_raw,
    const GriddedField3& z_field_raw,
    const ArrayOfGriddedField3& vmr_field_raw,
    const ArrayOfGriddedField3& nlte_field_raw,
    const ArrayOfQuantumIdentifier& nlte_ids,
    const Vector& nlte_energies,
    const Index& atmosphere_dim,
    // WS Generic Input:
    const Index& interp_order,
    const Index& vmr_zeropadding,
    const Index& vmr_nonegative,
    const Index& nlte_when_negative,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  CREATE_OUT2;
 
  const Vector& tfr_p_grid =
      t_field_raw.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_P_GRID);
  const Vector& tfr_lat_grid =
      t_field_raw.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_LAT_GRID);
  const Vector& tfr_lon_grid =
      t_field_raw.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_LON_GRID);
  const Vector& zfr_p_grid =
      z_field_raw.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_P_GRID);
  const Vector& zfr_lat_grid =
      z_field_raw.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_LAT_GRID);
  const Vector& zfr_lon_grid =
      z_field_raw.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_LON_GRID);
 
  out2 << "  Interpolation order: " << interp_order << "\n";
 
  // Basic checks of input variables
  //
  // Atmosphere
  chk_if_in_range("atmosphere_dim", atmosphere_dim, 1, 3);
  chk_atm_grids(atmosphere_dim, p_grid, lat_grid, lon_grid);
  
  // NLTE basics
  nlte_field.Type() = nlte_ids.nelem() == nlte_field_raw.nelem() ? EnergyLevelMapType::Tensor3_t : EnergyLevelMapType::None_t;
  nlte_field.Levels() = nlte_ids.nelem() == nlte_field_raw.nelem() ? nlte_ids : ArrayOfQuantumIdentifier(0);
  nlte_field.Energies() = nlte_ids.nelem() == nlte_field_raw.nelem() ? nlte_energies : Vector(0);
 
  //==========================================================================
  if (atmosphere_dim == 1) {
    ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (!(tfr_lat_grid.nelem() == 1 && tfr_lon_grid.nelem() == 1),
          "Temperature data (T_field) has wrong dimension "
          "(2D or 3D).\n");
 
    ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (!(zfr_lat_grid.nelem() == 1 && zfr_lon_grid.nelem() == 1),
          "Altitude data (z_field) has wrong dimension "
          "(2D or 3D).\n");
 
    GriddedField3 temp_gfield3;
 
    GriddedFieldPRegrid(
        temp_gfield3, p_grid, t_field_raw, interp_order, 0, verbosity);
    t_field = temp_gfield3.data;
 
    GriddedFieldPRegrid(
        temp_gfield3, p_grid, z_field_raw, interp_order, 0, verbosity);
    z_field = temp_gfield3.data;
 
    ArrayOfGriddedField3 temp_agfield3;
    try {
      GriddedFieldPRegrid(temp_agfield3,
                          p_grid,
                          vmr_field_raw,
                          interp_order,
                          vmr_zeropadding,
                          verbosity);
    } catch (const std::runtime_error& e) {
      ARTS_USER_ERROR (
        e.what(), "\n"
        "Note that you can explicitly set vmr_zeropadding "
        "to 1 in the method call.")
    }
    FieldFromGriddedField(
        vmr_field, p_grid, lat_grid, lon_grid, temp_agfield3, verbosity);
 
    // Non-LTE interpolation
    if (nlte_ids.nelem() == nlte_field_raw.nelem()) {
      GriddedFieldPRegrid(
          temp_agfield3, p_grid, nlte_field_raw, interp_order, 0, verbosity);
      FieldFromGriddedField(
        nlte_field.Data(), p_grid, lat_grid, lon_grid, temp_agfield3, verbosity);
    }
    else
      nlte_field.Data().resize(0, 0, 0, 0);
 
  }
 
  //=========================================================================
  else if (atmosphere_dim == 2) {
    ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (tfr_lat_grid.nelem() == 1 && tfr_lon_grid.nelem() == 1,
          "Raw data has wrong dimension (1D). "
          "You have to use \n"
          "AtmFieldsCalcExpand1D instead of AtmFieldsCalc.");
 
    //Resize variables
    t_field.resize(p_grid.nelem(), lat_grid.nelem(), 1);
    z_field.resize(p_grid.nelem(), lat_grid.nelem(), 1);
    vmr_field.resize(
        vmr_field_raw.nelem(), p_grid.nelem(), lat_grid.nelem(), 1);
    if (nlte_ids.nelem() == nlte_field_raw.nelem())
      nlte_field.Data().resize(
        nlte_field_raw.nelem(), p_grid.nelem(), lat_grid.nelem(), 1);
    else
      nlte_field.Data().resize(0, 0, 0, 0);
 
    // Interpolate t_field:
 
    // Check that interpolation grids are ok (and throw a detailed
    // error message if not):
    chk_interpolation_pgrids(
        "Raw temperature to p_grid, 2D case", tfr_p_grid, p_grid, interp_order);
    chk_interpolation_grids("Raw temperature to lat_grid, 2D case",
                            tfr_lat_grid,
                            lat_grid,
                            interp_order);
 
    // Calculate grid positions:
    auto lag_p=Interpolation::LagrangeVector(p_grid, tfr_p_grid, interp_order, 0.5, false, Interpolation::GridType::Log);
    auto lag_lat=Interpolation::LagrangeVector(lat_grid, tfr_lat_grid, interp_order);
    auto itw=interpweights(lag_p, lag_lat);
 
    // Interpolate:
    reinterp(t_field(joker, joker, 0),
             t_field_raw.data(joker, joker, 0),
             itw,
             lag_p,
             lag_lat);
 
    // Interpolate z_field:
 
    // Check that interpolation grids are ok (and throw a detailed
    // error message if not):
    chk_interpolation_pgrids(
        "Raw z to p_grid, 2D case", zfr_p_grid, p_grid, interp_order);
    chk_interpolation_grids(
        "Raw z to lat_grid, 2D case", zfr_lat_grid, lat_grid, interp_order);
 
    // Calculate grid positions:
    lag_p=Interpolation::LagrangeVector(p_grid, zfr_p_grid, interp_order, 0.5, false, Interpolation::GridType::Log);
    lag_lat=Interpolation::LagrangeVector(lat_grid, zfr_lat_grid, interp_order);
    itw=interpweights(lag_p, lag_lat);
 
    // Interpolate:
    reinterp(z_field(joker, joker, 0),
             z_field_raw.data(joker, joker, 0),
             itw,
             lag_p,
             lag_lat);
 
    // Interpolate vmr_field.
    // Loop over the gaseous species:
    for (Index gas_i = 0; gas_i < vmr_field_raw.nelem(); gas_i++) {
      ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF(!(vmr_field_raw[gas_i].get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_LAT_GRID).nelem() !=
                1 &&
            vmr_field_raw[gas_i].get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_LON_GRID).nelem() ==
                1),
          "VMR data of the ", gas_i, " the species has "
          "wrong dimension (1D or 3D). \n")
 
      // Check that interpolation grids are ok (and throw a detailed
      // error message if not):
      chk_interpolation_pgrids(
          var_string("Raw VMR[", gas_i, "] to p_grid, 2D case"),
          vmr_field_raw[gas_i].get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_P_GRID),
          p_grid,
          interp_order);
      chk_interpolation_grids(
          var_string("Raw VMR[", gas_i, "] to lat_grid, 2D case"),
          vmr_field_raw[gas_i].get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_LAT_GRID),
          lat_grid,
          interp_order);
      
      lag_p=Interpolation::LagrangeVector(p_grid, vmr_field_raw[gas_i].get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_P_GRID), interp_order, 0.5, false, Interpolation::GridType::Log);
      lag_lat=Interpolation::LagrangeVector(lat_grid, vmr_field_raw[gas_i].get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_LAT_GRID), interp_order);
      itw=interpweights(lag_p, lag_lat);
 
      // Interpolate:
      reinterp(vmr_field(gas_i, joker, joker, 0),
               vmr_field_raw[gas_i].data(joker, joker, 0),
               itw,
               lag_p,
               lag_lat);
    }
 
    // Interpolate Non-LTE
    for (Index qi_i = 0; qi_i < nlte_field_raw.nelem(); qi_i++) {
      ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (!(nlte_field_raw[qi_i].get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_LAT_GRID).nelem() !=
                1 &&
            nlte_field_raw[qi_i].get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_LON_GRID).nelem() ==
                1),
                "NLTE data of the ", qi_i, " temperature field has "
                "wrong dimension (1D or 3D). \n")
 
      // Check that interpolation grids are ok (and throw a detailed
      // error message if not):
      chk_interpolation_pgrids(
          var_string("Raw NLTE[", qi_i, "] to p_grid, 2D case"),
          nlte_field_raw[qi_i].get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_P_GRID),
          p_grid,
          interp_order);
      chk_interpolation_grids(
          var_string("Raw NLTE[", qi_i, "] to lat_grid, 2D case"),
          nlte_field_raw[qi_i].get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_LAT_GRID),
          lat_grid,
          interp_order);
 
      lag_p=Interpolation::LagrangeVector(p_grid, nlte_field_raw[qi_i].get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_P_GRID), interp_order, 0.5, false, Interpolation::GridType::Log);
      lag_lat=Interpolation::LagrangeVector(lat_grid, nlte_field_raw[qi_i].get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_LAT_GRID), interp_order);
      itw=interpweights(lag_p, lag_lat);
 
      // Interpolate:
      if (nlte_ids.nelem() == nlte_field_raw.nelem())
        reinterp(nlte_field.Data()(qi_i, joker, joker, 0),
                 nlte_field_raw[qi_i].data(joker, joker, 0),
                 itw,
                 lag_p,
                 lag_lat);
      else
        nlte_field.Data().resize(0, 0, 0, 0);
    }
  }
 
  //================================================================
  // atmosphere_dim = 3
  else if (atmosphere_dim == 3) {
    ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (tfr_lat_grid.nelem() == 1 && tfr_lon_grid.nelem() == 1,
          "Raw data has wrong dimension. You have to use \n"
          "AtmFieldsCalcExpand1D instead of AtmFieldsCalc.");
 
    GriddedField3 temp_gfield3;
 
    GriddedFieldLatLonRegrid(
        temp_gfield3, lat_grid, lon_grid, t_field_raw, interp_order, verbosity);
    GriddedFieldPRegrid(
        temp_gfield3, p_grid, temp_gfield3, interp_order, 0, verbosity);
    t_field = temp_gfield3.data;
 
    GriddedFieldLatLonRegrid(
        temp_gfield3, lat_grid, lon_grid, z_field_raw, interp_order, verbosity);
    GriddedFieldPRegrid(
        temp_gfield3, p_grid, temp_gfield3, interp_order, 0, verbosity);
    z_field = temp_gfield3.data;
 
    ArrayOfGriddedField3 temp_agfield3;
    GriddedFieldLatLonRegrid(temp_agfield3,
                             lat_grid,
                             lon_grid,
                             vmr_field_raw,
                             interp_order,
                             verbosity);
    try {
      GriddedFieldPRegrid(temp_agfield3,
                          p_grid,
                          temp_agfield3,
                          interp_order,
                          vmr_zeropadding,
                          verbosity);
    } catch (const std::runtime_error& e) {
      ARTS_USER_ERROR (
        e.what(), "\n"
        "Note that you can explicitly set vmr_zeropadding "
        "to 1 in the method call.")
    }
    FieldFromGriddedField(
        vmr_field, p_grid, lat_grid, lon_grid, temp_agfield3, verbosity);
 
    if (nlte_field_raw.nelem()) {
      GriddedFieldLatLonRegrid(temp_agfield3,
                               lat_grid,
                               lon_grid,
                               nlte_field_raw,
                               interp_order,
                               verbosity);
      
      try {
        GriddedFieldPRegrid(
          temp_agfield3, p_grid, temp_agfield3, interp_order, 0, verbosity);
      } catch (const std::runtime_error& e) {
        ARTS_USER_ERROR ( e.what(), "\n"
          "Note that you can explicitly set vmr_zeropadding "
          "to 1 in the method call.")
      }
      
      if (nlte_ids.nelem() == nlte_field_raw.nelem())
        FieldFromGriddedField(
          nlte_field.Data(), p_grid, lat_grid, lon_grid, temp_agfield3, verbosity);
      else
        nlte_field.Data().resize(0, 0, 0, 0);
    }
  } else {
    // We can never get here, since there was a runtime
    // error check for atmosphere_dim at the beginning.
    ARTS_ASSERT(false);
  }
 
  // remove negatives?
  if (vmr_nonegative) {
    for (Index ib = 0; ib < vmr_field.nbooks(); ib++) {
      for (Index ip = 0; ip < vmr_field.npages(); ip++) {
        for (Index ir = 0; ir < vmr_field.nrows(); ir++) {
          for (Index ic = 0; ic < vmr_field.ncols(); ic++) {
            if (vmr_field(ib, ip, ir, ic) < 0) {
              vmr_field(ib, ip, ir, ic) = 0;
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
 
  // what to do with negative nlte temperatures?
  if (nlte_when_negative != -1) {
    if (nlte_field_raw.nelem()) {
      for (Index ib = 0; ib < nlte_field.Data().nbooks(); ib++) {
        for (Index ip = 0; ip < nlte_field.Data().npages(); ip++) {
          for (Index ir = 0; ir < nlte_field.Data().nrows(); ir++) {
            for (Index ic = 0; ic < nlte_field.Data().ncols(); ic++) {
              if (nlte_field.Data()(ib, ip, ir, ic) < 0) {
                // Set to atmospheric temperature or to nil.
                nlte_field.Data()(ib, ip, ir, ic) =
                    nlte_when_negative == 1 ? t_field(ip, ir, ic) : 0;
                // NOTE: This only makes sense for vibrational NLTE and is bad elsewise
                //       but since elsewise is bad anyways with negative values, it is 
                //       and acceptable compromise...
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
  
  nlte_field.ThrowIfNotOK();
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void MagFieldsCalcIGRF (  //WS Output:
    Tensor3& mag_u_field,
    Tensor3& mag_v_field,
    Tensor3& mag_w_field,
    //WS Input
    const Tensor3& z_field,
    const Vector& lat_grid,
    const Vector& lon_grid,
    const Vector& refellipsoid,
    const Time& time,
    const Verbosity&) {
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF(z_field.npages() < 1, "Must have altitude size")
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF(z_field.nrows() not_eq lat_grid.nelem(), "Must have same lat_grid.nelem() [", lat_grid.nelem(), "] as z_field.nrows() [", z_field.nrows(), ']')
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF(z_field.ncols() not_eq lon_grid.nelem(), "Must have same lon_grid.nelem() [", lon_grid.nelem(), "] as z_field.ncols() [", z_field.ncols(), ']')
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF(refellipsoid.nelem() not_eq 2 or refellipsoid[0] < 1 or refellipsoid[1] >= 1 or refellipsoid[1] < 0, "Bad refellipsoid: ", refellipsoid)
  
  // Perform all computations
  const IGRF::MagneticField mag { IGRF::compute(z_field, lat_grid, lon_grid, time, refellipsoid) };
  mag_u_field = mag.u;
  mag_v_field = mag.v;
  mag_w_field = mag.w;
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void MagFieldsCalc(  //WS Output:
    Tensor3& mag_u_field,
    Tensor3& mag_v_field,
    Tensor3& mag_w_field,
    //WS Input
    const Vector& p_grid,
    const Vector& lat_grid,
    const Vector& lon_grid,
    const GriddedField3& mag_u_field_raw,
    const GriddedField3& mag_v_field_raw,
    const GriddedField3& mag_w_field_raw,
    const Index& atmosphere_dim,
    // WS Generic Input:
    const Index& interp_order,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  CREATE_OUT2;
 
  const Vector& ufr_p_grid =
      mag_u_field_raw.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_P_GRID);
  const Vector& ufr_lat_grid =
      mag_u_field_raw.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_LAT_GRID);
  const Vector& ufr_lon_grid =
      mag_u_field_raw.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_LON_GRID);
  const Vector& vfr_p_grid =
      mag_v_field_raw.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_P_GRID);
  const Vector& vfr_lat_grid =
      mag_v_field_raw.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_LAT_GRID);
  const Vector& vfr_lon_grid =
      mag_v_field_raw.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_LON_GRID);
  const Vector& wfr_p_grid =
      mag_w_field_raw.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_P_GRID);
  const Vector& wfr_lat_grid =
      mag_w_field_raw.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_LAT_GRID);
  const Vector& wfr_lon_grid =
      mag_w_field_raw.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_LON_GRID);
 
  out2 << "  Interpolation order: " << interp_order << "\n";
 
  // Basic checks of input variables
  //
  // Atmosphere
  chk_if_in_range("atmosphere_dim", atmosphere_dim, 1, 3);
  chk_atm_grids(atmosphere_dim, p_grid, lat_grid, lon_grid);
 
  //==========================================================================
  if (atmosphere_dim == 1) {
    ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (!(ufr_lat_grid.nelem() == 1 && ufr_lon_grid.nelem() == 1),
          "Magnetic u field data has wrong dimension (2D or 3D).\n");
    ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (!(vfr_lat_grid.nelem() == 1 && vfr_lon_grid.nelem() == 1),
          "Magnetic v field data has wrong dimension (2D or 3D).\n");
    ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (!(wfr_lat_grid.nelem() == 1 && wfr_lon_grid.nelem() == 1),
          "Magnetic w field data has wrong dimension  (2D or 3D).\n");
 
    GriddedField3 temp_gfield3;
 
    GriddedFieldPRegrid(
        temp_gfield3, p_grid, mag_u_field_raw, interp_order, 0, verbosity);
    mag_u_field = temp_gfield3.data;
 
    GriddedFieldPRegrid(
        temp_gfield3, p_grid, mag_v_field_raw, interp_order, 0, verbosity);
    mag_v_field = temp_gfield3.data;
 
    GriddedFieldPRegrid(
        temp_gfield3, p_grid, mag_w_field_raw, interp_order, 0, verbosity);
    mag_w_field = temp_gfield3.data;
  }
 
  //=========================================================================
  else if (atmosphere_dim == 2) {
    ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (ufr_lat_grid.nelem() == 1 && ufr_lon_grid.nelem() == 1,
          "Raw data has wrong dimension (1D). You have to use \n"
          "MagFieldsCalcExpand1D instead of MagFieldsCalc.");
    ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (vfr_lat_grid.nelem() == 1 && vfr_lon_grid.nelem() == 1,
          "Raw data has wrong dimension (1D). You have to use \n"
          "MagFieldsCalcExpand1D instead of MagFieldsCalc.");
    ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (wfr_lat_grid.nelem() == 1 && wfr_lon_grid.nelem() == 1,
          "Raw data has wrong dimension (1D). You have to use \n"
          "MagFieldsCalcExpand1D instead of MagFieldsCalc.");
 
    //Resize variables
    mag_u_field.resize(p_grid.nelem(), lat_grid.nelem(), 1);
    mag_v_field.resize(p_grid.nelem(), lat_grid.nelem(), 1);
    mag_w_field.resize(p_grid.nelem(), lat_grid.nelem(), 1);
 
    // Interpolate mag_u_field:
 
    // Check that interpolation grids are ok (and throw a detailed
    // error message if not):
    chk_interpolation_pgrids(
        "Raw u field to p_grid, 2D case", ufr_p_grid, p_grid, interp_order);
    chk_interpolation_grids("Raw u field to lat_grid, 2D case",
                            ufr_lat_grid,
                            lat_grid,
                            interp_order);
 
    // Calculate grid positions:
    auto lag_p = Interpolation::LagrangeVector(ufr_p_grid, p_grid, interp_order, 0.5, false, Interpolation::GridType::Log);
    auto lag_lat = Interpolation::LagrangeVector(ufr_lat_grid, lat_grid, interp_order);
    const auto itwu = interpweights(lag_p, lag_lat);
 
    // Interpolate:
    reinterp(mag_u_field(joker, joker, 0),
             mag_u_field_raw.data(joker, joker, 0),
             itwu,
             lag_p,
             lag_lat);
 
    // Interpolate mag_v_field:
 
    // Check that interpolation grids are ok (and throw a detailed
    // error message if not):
    chk_interpolation_pgrids(
        "Raw v field to p_grid, 2D case", vfr_p_grid, p_grid, interp_order);
    chk_interpolation_grids("Raw v field to lat_grid, 2D case",
                            vfr_lat_grid,
                            lat_grid,
                            interp_order);
 
    // Calculate grid positions:
    lag_p = Interpolation::LagrangeVector(vfr_p_grid, p_grid, interp_order, 0.5, false, Interpolation::GridType::Log);
    lag_lat = Interpolation::LagrangeVector(vfr_lat_grid, lat_grid, interp_order);
    const auto itwv = interpweights(lag_p, lag_lat);
 
    // Interpolate:
    reinterp(mag_v_field(joker, joker, 0),
             mag_v_field_raw.data(joker, joker, 0),
             itwv,
             lag_p,
             lag_lat);
 
    // Interpolate mag_w_field:
 
    // Check that interpolation grids are ok (and throw a detailed
    // error message if not):
    chk_interpolation_pgrids(
        "Raw w field to p_grid, 2D case", wfr_p_grid, p_grid, interp_order);
    chk_interpolation_grids("Raw w field to lat_grid, 2D case",
                            wfr_lat_grid,
                            lat_grid,
                            interp_order);
 
    // Calculate grid positions:
    lag_p = Interpolation::LagrangeVector(wfr_p_grid, p_grid, interp_order, 0.5, false, Interpolation::GridType::Log);
    lag_lat = Interpolation::LagrangeVector(wfr_lat_grid, lat_grid, interp_order);
    const auto itww = interpweights(lag_p, lag_lat);
 
    // Interpolate:
    reinterp(mag_w_field(joker, joker, 0),
             mag_w_field_raw.data(joker, joker, 0),
             itww,
             lag_p,
             lag_lat);
  }
 
  //================================================================
  // atmosphere_dim = 3
  else if (atmosphere_dim == 3) {
    ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (ufr_lat_grid.nelem() == 1 && ufr_lon_grid.nelem() == 1,
          "Raw data has wrong dimension. You have to use \n"
          "MagFieldsCalcExpand1D instead of MagFieldsCalc.");
    ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (vfr_lat_grid.nelem() == 1 && vfr_lon_grid.nelem() == 1,
          "Raw data has wrong dimension. You have to use \n"
          "MagFieldsCalcExpand1D instead of MagFieldsCalc.");
    ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (wfr_lat_grid.nelem() == 1 && wfr_lon_grid.nelem() == 1,
          "Raw data has wrong dimension. You have to use \n"
          "MagFieldsCalcExpand1D instead of MagFieldsCalc.");
 
    GriddedField3 temp_gfield3;
 
    GriddedFieldLatLonRegrid(temp_gfield3,
                             lat_grid,
                             lon_grid,
                             mag_u_field_raw,
                             interp_order,
                             verbosity);
    GriddedFieldPRegrid(
        temp_gfield3, p_grid, temp_gfield3, interp_order, 0, verbosity);
    mag_u_field = temp_gfield3.data;
 
    GriddedFieldLatLonRegrid(temp_gfield3,
                             lat_grid,
                             lon_grid,
                             mag_v_field_raw,
                             interp_order,
                             verbosity);
    GriddedFieldPRegrid(
        temp_gfield3, p_grid, temp_gfield3, interp_order, 0, verbosity);
    mag_v_field = temp_gfield3.data;
 
    GriddedFieldLatLonRegrid(temp_gfield3,
                             lat_grid,
                             lon_grid,
                             mag_w_field_raw,
                             interp_order,
                             verbosity);
    GriddedFieldPRegrid(
        temp_gfield3, p_grid, temp_gfield3, interp_order, 0, verbosity);
    mag_w_field = temp_gfield3.data;
 
  } else {
    // We can never get here, since there was a runtime
    // error check for atmosphere_dim at the beginning.
    ARTS_ASSERT(false);
  }
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void MagFieldsFromAltitudeRawCalc(  //WS Output:
    Tensor3& mag_u_field,
    Tensor3& mag_v_field,
    Tensor3& mag_w_field,
    //WS Input
    const Vector& lat_grid,
    const Vector& lon_grid,
    const Tensor3& z_field,
    const GriddedField3& mag_u_field_raw,
    const GriddedField3& mag_v_field_raw,
    const GriddedField3& mag_w_field_raw,
    // WS Generic Input:
    const Index& interp_order,
    const Numeric& extrapolation_factor,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  const auto nalt = z_field.npages();
  const auto nlat = z_field.nrows();
  const auto nlon = z_field.ncols();
 
  // Check that the fields are correct
  for (auto& gf3 : {mag_u_field_raw, mag_v_field_raw, mag_w_field_raw}) {
    ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (gf3.get_grid_name(0) not_eq "Altitude" or
                        gf3.get_grid_name(1) not_eq "Latitude" or
                        gf3.get_grid_name(2) not_eq "Longitude",
        "Grids are bad\n"
        "Grids must be Altitude, Latitude, Longitude, but are: ",
        gf3.get_grid_name(0), ", ", gf3.get_grid_name(1), ", ",
        gf3.get_grid_name(2), '\n')
  }
 
  // Regrid and rename raw-fields
  GriddedField3 u, v, w;
  GriddedFieldLatLonRegrid(
      u, lat_grid, lon_grid, mag_u_field_raw, interp_order, verbosity);
  GriddedFieldLatLonRegrid(
      v, lat_grid, lon_grid, mag_v_field_raw, interp_order, verbosity);
  GriddedFieldLatLonRegrid(
      w, lat_grid, lon_grid, mag_w_field_raw, interp_order, verbosity);
 
  // Finally interpolate the three fields
  mag_u_field.resize(nalt, nlat, nlon);
  mag_v_field.resize(nalt, nlat, nlon);
  mag_w_field.resize(nalt, nlat, nlon);
  for (Index ilat = 0; ilat < nlat; ilat++) {
    for (Index ilon = 0; ilon < nlon; ilon++) {
      chk_interpolation_grids("Magnetic U Field Altitude",
                              u.get_numeric_grid(0),
                              z_field(joker, ilat, ilon),
                              interp_order,
                              extrapolation_factor,
                              false);
      auto lag=Interpolation::LagrangeVector(z_field(joker, ilat, ilon), u.get_numeric_grid(0), interp_order, extrapolation_factor);
      auto itw = interpweights(lag);
      reinterp(mag_u_field(joker, ilat, ilon), u.data(joker, ilat, ilon), itw, lag);
 
      chk_interpolation_grids("Magnetic V Field Altitude",
                              v.get_numeric_grid(0),
                              z_field(joker, ilat, ilon),
                              interp_order,
                              extrapolation_factor,
                              false);
      
      lag=Interpolation::LagrangeVector(z_field(joker, ilat, ilon), v.get_numeric_grid(0), interp_order, extrapolation_factor);
      itw=interpweights(lag);
      reinterp(mag_v_field(joker, ilat, ilon), v.data(joker, ilat, ilon), itw, lag);
 
      chk_interpolation_grids("Magnetic W Field Altitude",
                              w.get_numeric_grid(0),
                              z_field(joker, ilat, ilon),
                              interp_order,
                              extrapolation_factor,
                              false);
      
      lag=Interpolation::LagrangeVector(z_field(joker, ilat, ilon), w.get_numeric_grid(0), interp_order, extrapolation_factor);
      itw=interpweights(lag);
      reinterp(mag_w_field(joker, ilat, ilon), w.data(joker, ilat, ilon), itw, lag);
    }
  }
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void WindFieldsCalc(  //WS Output:
    Tensor3& wind_u_field,
    Tensor3& wind_v_field,
    Tensor3& wind_w_field,
    //WS Input
    const Vector& p_grid,
    const Vector& lat_grid,
    const Vector& lon_grid,
    const GriddedField3& wind_u_field_raw,
    const GriddedField3& wind_v_field_raw,
    const GriddedField3& wind_w_field_raw,
    const Index& atmosphere_dim,
    // WS Generic Input:
    const Index& interp_order,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  CREATE_OUT2;
 
  const Vector& ufr_p_grid =
      wind_u_field_raw.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_P_GRID);
  const Vector& ufr_lat_grid =
      wind_u_field_raw.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_LAT_GRID);
  const Vector& ufr_lon_grid =
      wind_u_field_raw.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_LON_GRID);
  const Vector& vfr_p_grid =
      wind_v_field_raw.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_P_GRID);
  const Vector& vfr_lat_grid =
      wind_v_field_raw.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_LAT_GRID);
  const Vector& vfr_lon_grid =
      wind_v_field_raw.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_LON_GRID);
  const Vector& wfr_p_grid =
      wind_w_field_raw.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_P_GRID);
  const Vector& wfr_lat_grid =
      wind_w_field_raw.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_LAT_GRID);
  const Vector& wfr_lon_grid =
      wind_w_field_raw.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_LON_GRID);
 
  out2 << "  Interpolation order: " << interp_order << "\n";
 
  // Basic checks of input variables
  //
  // Atmosphere
  chk_if_in_range("atmosphere_dim", atmosphere_dim, 1, 3);
  chk_atm_grids(atmosphere_dim, p_grid, lat_grid, lon_grid);
 
  //==========================================================================
  if (atmosphere_dim == 1) {
    ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (!(ufr_lat_grid.nelem() == 1 && ufr_lon_grid.nelem() == 1),
          "Wind u field data has wrong dimension (2D or 3D).\n");
    ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (!(vfr_lat_grid.nelem() == 1 && vfr_lon_grid.nelem() == 1),
          "Wind v field data has wrong dimension (2D or 3D).\n");
    ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (!(wfr_lat_grid.nelem() == 1 && wfr_lon_grid.nelem() == 1),
          "Wind w field data has wrong dimension  (2D or 3D).\n");
 
    GriddedField3 temp_gfield3;
 
    GriddedFieldPRegrid(
        temp_gfield3, p_grid, wind_u_field_raw, interp_order, 0, verbosity);
    wind_u_field = temp_gfield3.data;
 
    GriddedFieldPRegrid(
        temp_gfield3, p_grid, wind_v_field_raw, interp_order, 0, verbosity);
    wind_v_field = temp_gfield3.data;
 
    GriddedFieldPRegrid(
        temp_gfield3, p_grid, wind_w_field_raw, interp_order, 0, verbosity);
    wind_w_field = temp_gfield3.data;
  }
 
  //=========================================================================
  else if (atmosphere_dim == 2) {
    ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (ufr_lat_grid.nelem() == 1 && ufr_lon_grid.nelem() == 1,
          "Raw data has wrong dimension (1D). You have to use \n"
          "WindFieldsCalcExpand1D instead of WindFieldsCalc.");
    ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (vfr_lat_grid.nelem() == 1 && vfr_lon_grid.nelem() == 1,
          "Raw data has wrong dimension (1D). You have to use \n"
          "WindFieldsCalcExpand1D instead of WindFieldsCalc.");
    ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (wfr_lat_grid.nelem() == 1 && wfr_lon_grid.nelem() == 1,
          "Raw data has wrong dimension (1D). You have to use \n"
          "WindFieldsCalcExpand1D instead of WindFieldsCalc.");
 
    //Resize variables
    wind_u_field.resize(p_grid.nelem(), lat_grid.nelem(), 1);
    wind_v_field.resize(p_grid.nelem(), lat_grid.nelem(), 1);
    wind_w_field.resize(p_grid.nelem(), lat_grid.nelem(), 1);
 
    // Interpolate wind_u_field:
 
    // Check that interpolation grids are ok (and throw a detailed
    // error message if not):
    chk_interpolation_pgrids(
        "Raw u field to p_grid, 2D case", ufr_p_grid, p_grid, interp_order);
    chk_interpolation_grids("Raw u field to lat_grid, 2D case",
                            ufr_lat_grid,
                            lat_grid,
                            interp_order);
 
    // Calculate grid positions:
    auto lag_p=Interpolation::LagrangeVector(p_grid, ufr_p_grid, interp_order, 0.5, false, Interpolation::GridType::Log);
    auto lag_lat=Interpolation::LagrangeVector(lat_grid, ufr_lat_grid, interp_order);
    const auto itwu = interpweights(lag_p, lag_lat);
 
    // Interpolate:
    reinterp(wind_u_field(joker, joker, 0),
             wind_u_field_raw.data(joker, joker, 0),
             itwu,
             lag_p,
             lag_lat);
 
    // Interpolate wind_v_field:
 
    // Check that interpolation grids are ok (and throw a detailed
    // error message if not):
    chk_interpolation_pgrids(
        "Raw v field to p_grid, 2D case", vfr_p_grid, p_grid, interp_order);
    chk_interpolation_grids("Raw v field to lat_grid, 2D case",
                            vfr_lat_grid,
                            lat_grid,
                            interp_order);
 
    // Calculate grid positions:
    lag_p=Interpolation::LagrangeVector(p_grid, vfr_p_grid, interp_order, 0.5, false, Interpolation::GridType::Log);
    lag_lat=Interpolation::LagrangeVector(lat_grid, vfr_lat_grid, interp_order);
    const auto itwv=interpweights(lag_p, lag_lat);
 
    // Interpolate:
    reinterp(wind_v_field(joker, joker, 0),
             wind_v_field_raw.data(joker, joker, 0),
             itwv,
             lag_p,
             lag_lat);
 
    // Interpolate wind_w_field:
 
    // Check that interpolation grids are ok (and throw a detailed
    // error message if not):
    chk_interpolation_pgrids(
        "Raw w field to p_grid, 2D case", wfr_p_grid, p_grid, interp_order);
    chk_interpolation_grids("Raw w field to lat_grid, 2D case",
                            wfr_lat_grid,
                            lat_grid,
                            interp_order);
 
    // Calculate grid positions:
    lag_p=Interpolation::LagrangeVector(p_grid, wfr_p_grid, interp_order, 0.5, false, Interpolation::GridType::Log);
    lag_lat=Interpolation::LagrangeVector(lat_grid, wfr_lat_grid, interp_order);
    const auto itww=interpweights(lag_p, lag_lat);
 
    // Interpolate:
    reinterp(wind_w_field(joker, joker, 0),
             wind_w_field_raw.data(joker, joker, 0),
             itww,
             lag_p,
             lag_lat);
  }
 
  //================================================================
  // atmosphere_dim = 3
  else if (atmosphere_dim == 3) {
    ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (ufr_lat_grid.nelem() == 1 && ufr_lon_grid.nelem() == 1,
          "Raw data has wrong dimension. You have to use \n"
          "WindFieldsCalcExpand1D instead of WindFieldsCalc.");
    ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (vfr_lat_grid.nelem() == 1 && vfr_lon_grid.nelem() == 1,
          "Raw data has wrong dimension. You have to use \n"
          "WindFieldsCalcExpand1D instead of WindFieldsCalc.");
    ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (wfr_lat_grid.nelem() == 1 && wfr_lon_grid.nelem() == 1,
          "Raw data has wrong dimension. You have to use \n"
          "WindFieldsCalcExpand1D instead of WindFieldsCalc.");
 
    GriddedField3 temp_gfield3;
 
    GriddedFieldLatLonRegrid(temp_gfield3,
                             lat_grid,
                             lon_grid,
                             wind_u_field_raw,
                             interp_order,
                             verbosity);
    GriddedFieldPRegrid(
        temp_gfield3, p_grid, temp_gfield3, interp_order, 0, verbosity);
    wind_u_field = temp_gfield3.data;
 
    GriddedFieldLatLonRegrid(temp_gfield3,
                             lat_grid,
                             lon_grid,
                             wind_v_field_raw,
                             interp_order,
                             verbosity);
    GriddedFieldPRegrid(
        temp_gfield3, p_grid, temp_gfield3, interp_order, 0, verbosity);
    wind_v_field = temp_gfield3.data;
 
    GriddedFieldLatLonRegrid(temp_gfield3,
                             lat_grid,
                             lon_grid,
                             wind_w_field_raw,
                             interp_order,
                             verbosity);
    GriddedFieldPRegrid(
        temp_gfield3, p_grid, temp_gfield3, interp_order, 0, verbosity);
    wind_w_field = temp_gfield3.data;
 
  } else {
    // We can never get here, since there was a runtime
    // error check for atmosphere_dim at the beginning.
    ARTS_ASSERT(false);
  }
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void AtmFieldsCalcExpand1D(Tensor3& t_field,
                           Tensor3& z_field,
                           Tensor4& vmr_field,
                           EnergyLevelMap& nlte_field,
                           const Vector& p_grid,
                           const Vector& lat_grid,
                           const Vector& lon_grid,
                           const GriddedField3& t_field_raw,
                           const GriddedField3& z_field_raw,
                           const ArrayOfGriddedField3& vmr_field_raw,
                           const ArrayOfGriddedField3& nlte_field_raw,
                           const ArrayOfQuantumIdentifier& nlte_ids,
                           const Vector& nlte_energies,
                           const Index& atmosphere_dim,
                           const Index& interp_order,
                           const Index& vmr_zeropadding,
                           const Index& vmr_nonegative,
                           const Index& nlte_when_negative,
                           const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  chk_if_in_range("atmosphere_dim", atmosphere_dim, 1, 3);
  chk_atm_grids(atmosphere_dim, p_grid, lat_grid, lon_grid);
 
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (atmosphere_dim == 1,
        "This function is intended for 2D and 3D. For 1D, use *AtmFieldsCalc*.");
 
  // Make 1D interpolation using some dummy variables
  Vector vempty(0);
  Tensor3 t_temp, z_temp;
  Tensor4 vmr_temp;
  EnergyLevelMap nlte_temp;
  AtmFieldsCalc(t_temp,
                z_temp,
                vmr_temp,
                nlte_temp,
                p_grid,
                vempty,
                vempty,
                t_field_raw,
                z_field_raw,
                vmr_field_raw,
                nlte_field_raw,
                nlte_ids,
                nlte_energies,
                1,
                interp_order,
                vmr_zeropadding,
                vmr_nonegative,
                nlte_when_negative,
                verbosity);
 
  // Move values from the temporary tensors to the return arguments
  const Index np = p_grid.nelem();
  const Index nlat = lat_grid.nelem();
  Index nlon = lon_grid.nelem();
  if (atmosphere_dim == 2) {
    nlon = 1;
  }
  const Index nspecies = vmr_temp.nbooks();
  //
  ARTS_ASSERT(t_temp.npages() == np);
  //
  t_field.resize(np, nlat, nlon);
  z_field.resize(np, nlat, nlon);
  vmr_field.resize(nspecies, np, nlat, nlon);
  if (nlte_field_raw.nelem()) {
    nlte_field.Type() = EnergyLevelMapType::Tensor3_t;
    nlte_field.Data().resize(nlte_field_raw.nelem(), np, nlat, nlon);
    nlte_field.Levels() = nlte_ids;
    nlte_field.Energies() = nlte_energies;
  }
  else
    nlte_field = EnergyLevelMap();
  //
  for (Index ilon = 0; ilon < nlon; ilon++) {
    for (Index ilat = 0; ilat < nlat; ilat++) {
      for (Index ip = 0; ip < np; ip++) {
        t_field(ip, ilat, ilon) = t_temp(ip, 0, 0);
        z_field(ip, ilat, ilon) = z_temp(ip, 0, 0);
        for (Index is = 0; is < nspecies; is++) {
          vmr_field(is, ip, ilat, ilon) = vmr_temp(is, ip, 0, 0);
        }
        for (Index is = 0; is < nlte_field_raw.nelem(); is++) {
          nlte_field.Data()(is, ip, ilat, ilon) = nlte_temp.Data()(is, ip, 0, 0);
        }
      }
    }
  }
  nlte_field.ThrowIfNotOK();
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void MagFieldsCalcExpand1D(Tensor3& mag_u_field,
                           Tensor3& mag_v_field,
                           Tensor3& mag_w_field,
                           const Vector& p_grid,
                           const Vector& lat_grid,
                           const Vector& lon_grid,
                           const GriddedField3& mag_u_field_raw,
                           const GriddedField3& mag_v_field_raw,
                           const GriddedField3& mag_w_field_raw,
                           const Index& atmosphere_dim,
                           const Index& interp_order,
                           const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  chk_if_in_range("atmosphere_dim", atmosphere_dim, 1, 3);
  chk_atm_grids(atmosphere_dim, p_grid, lat_grid, lon_grid);
 
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (atmosphere_dim == 1,
        "This function is intended for 2D and 3D. For 1D, use *MagFieldsCalc*.");
 
  // Make 1D interpolation using some dummy variables
  Vector vempty(0);
  Tensor3 mag_u_field_temp, mag_v_field_temp, mag_w_field_temp;
  MagFieldsCalc(mag_u_field_temp,
                mag_v_field_temp,
                mag_w_field_temp,
                p_grid,
                vempty,
                vempty,
                mag_u_field_raw,
                mag_v_field_raw,
                mag_w_field_raw,
                /*atmosphere_dim = */ 1,
                interp_order,
                verbosity);
 
  // Move values from the temporary tensors to the return arguments
  const Index np = p_grid.nelem();
  const Index nlat = lat_grid.nelem();
  Index nlon = lon_grid.nelem();
  if (atmosphere_dim == 2) {
    nlon = 1;
  }
  //
  ARTS_ASSERT(mag_u_field_temp.npages() == np);
  ARTS_ASSERT(mag_v_field_temp.npages() == np);
  ARTS_ASSERT(mag_w_field_temp.npages() == np);
  //
  mag_u_field.resize(np, nlat, nlon);
  mag_v_field.resize(np, nlat, nlon);
  mag_w_field.resize(np, nlat, nlon);
 
  for (Index ilon = 0; ilon < nlon; ilon++) {
    for (Index ilat = 0; ilat < nlat; ilat++) {
      for (Index ip = 0; ip < np; ip++) {
        mag_u_field(ip, ilat, ilon) = mag_u_field_temp(ip, 0, 0);
        mag_v_field(ip, ilat, ilon) = mag_v_field_temp(ip, 0, 0);
        mag_w_field(ip, ilat, ilon) = mag_w_field_temp(ip, 0, 0);
      }
    }
  }
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void WindFieldsCalcExpand1D(Tensor3& wind_u_field,
                            Tensor3& wind_v_field,
                            Tensor3& wind_w_field,
                            const Vector& p_grid,
                            const Vector& lat_grid,
                            const Vector& lon_grid,
                            const GriddedField3& wind_u_field_raw,
                            const GriddedField3& wind_v_field_raw,
                            const GriddedField3& wind_w_field_raw,
                            const Index& atmosphere_dim,
                            const Index& interp_order,
                            const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  chk_if_in_range("atmosphere_dim", atmosphere_dim, 1, 3);
  chk_atm_grids(atmosphere_dim, p_grid, lat_grid, lon_grid);
 
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (atmosphere_dim == 1,
        "This function is intended for 2D and 3D. For 1D, use *WindFieldsCalc*.");
 
  // Make 1D interpolation using some dummy variables
  Vector vempty(0);
  Tensor3 wind_u_field_temp, wind_v_field_temp, wind_w_field_temp;
  MagFieldsCalc(wind_u_field_temp,
                wind_v_field_temp,
                wind_w_field_temp,
                p_grid,
                vempty,
                vempty,
                wind_u_field_raw,
                wind_v_field_raw,
                wind_w_field_raw,
                /*atmosphere_dim = */ 1,
                interp_order,
                verbosity);
 
  // Move values from the temporary tensors to the return arguments
  const Index np = p_grid.nelem();
  const Index nlat = lat_grid.nelem();
  Index nlon = lon_grid.nelem();
  if (atmosphere_dim == 2) {
    nlon = 1;
  }
  //
  ARTS_ASSERT(wind_u_field_temp.npages() == np);
  ARTS_ASSERT(wind_v_field_temp.npages() == np);
  ARTS_ASSERT(wind_w_field_temp.npages() == np);
  //
  wind_u_field.resize(np, nlat, nlon);
  wind_v_field.resize(np, nlat, nlon);
  wind_w_field.resize(np, nlat, nlon);
 
  for (Index ilon = 0; ilon < nlon; ilon++) {
    for (Index ilat = 0; ilat < nlat; ilat++) {
      for (Index ip = 0; ip < np; ip++) {
        wind_u_field(ip, ilat, ilon) = wind_u_field_temp(ip, 0, 0);
        wind_v_field(ip, ilat, ilon) = wind_v_field_temp(ip, 0, 0);
        wind_w_field(ip, ilat, ilon) = wind_w_field_temp(ip, 0, 0);
      }
    }
  }
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void AtmFieldsExpand1D(Tensor3& t_field,
                       Tensor3& z_field,
                       Tensor4& vmr_field,
                       const Vector& p_grid,
                       const Vector& lat_grid,
                       const Vector& lon_grid,
                       const Index& atmosphere_dim,
                       const Index& chk_vmr_nan,
                       const Verbosity&) {
  chk_if_in_range("atmosphere_dim", atmosphere_dim, 1, 3);
  chk_atm_grids(atmosphere_dim, p_grid, lat_grid, lon_grid);
 
  // Sizes
  const Index np = p_grid.nelem();
  const Index nlat = lat_grid.nelem();
  const Index nlon = max(Index(1), lon_grid.nelem());
  const Index nspecies = vmr_field.nbooks();
 
  const bool chknan = chk_vmr_nan;
 
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (atmosphere_dim == 1,
                      "No use in calling this method for 1D.");
  chk_atm_field("t_field", t_field, 1, p_grid, Vector(0), Vector(0));
  chk_atm_field("z_field", z_field, 1, p_grid, Vector(0), Vector(0));
  if (nspecies)
    chk_atm_field("vmr_field",
                  vmr_field,
                  1,
                  nspecies,
                  p_grid,
                  Vector(0),
                  Vector(0),
                  chknan);
 
  // Temporary containers
  Tensor3 t_temp = t_field, z_temp = z_field;
  Tensor4 vmr_temp = vmr_field;
 
  // Resize and fill
  t_field.resize(np, nlat, nlon);
  z_field.resize(np, nlat, nlon);
  vmr_field.resize(nspecies, np, nlat, nlon);
  //
  for (Index ilon = 0; ilon < nlon; ilon++) {
    for (Index ilat = 0; ilat < nlat; ilat++) {
      for (Index ip = 0; ip < np; ip++) {
        t_field(ip, ilat, ilon) = t_temp(ip, 0, 0);
        z_field(ip, ilat, ilon) = z_temp(ip, 0, 0);
        for (Index is = 0; is < nspecies; is++) {
          vmr_field(is, ip, ilat, ilon) = vmr_temp(is, ip, 0, 0);
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void AtmFieldsExtract1D(Index& atmosphere_dim,
                        Vector& lat_grid,
                        Vector& lon_grid,
                        Tensor3& t_field,
                        Tensor3& z_field,
                        Tensor4& vmr_field,
                        const Index& ilat,
                        const Index& ilon,
                        const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  if (atmosphere_dim == 1) {
    return;
  }
 
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (ilat < 0 || ilat >= lat_grid.nelem(),
        "Invalid of *ilat*. It must be >= 0 and less than "
        "length of *lat_grid*.");
 
  if (atmosphere_dim == 2) {
    Vector vtmp;
    vtmp = t_field(joker, ilat, 0);
    t_field.resize(t_field.npages(), 1, 1);
    t_field(joker, 0, 0) = vtmp;
    vtmp = z_field(joker, ilat, 0);
    z_field.resize(z_field.npages(), 1, 1);
    z_field(joker, 0, 0) = vtmp;
    Matrix mtmp;
    mtmp = vmr_field(joker, joker, ilat, 0);
    vmr_field.resize(vmr_field.nbooks(), vmr_field.npages(), 1, 1);
    vmr_field(joker, joker, 0, 0) = mtmp;
  } else if (atmosphere_dim == 3) {
    ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (ilat < 0 || ilon >= lon_grid.nelem(),
          "Invalid of *ilon*. It must be >= 0 and less than "
          "length of *lon_grid*.");
    Vector vtmp;
    vtmp = t_field(joker, ilat, ilon);
    t_field.resize(t_field.npages(), 1, 1);
    t_field(joker, 0, 0) = vtmp;
    vtmp = z_field(joker, ilat, ilon);
    z_field.resize(z_field.npages(), 1, 1);
    z_field(joker, 0, 0) = vtmp;
    Matrix mtmp;
    mtmp = vmr_field(joker, joker, ilat, ilon);
    vmr_field.resize(vmr_field.nbooks(), vmr_field.npages(), 1, 1);
    vmr_field(joker, joker, 0, 0) = mtmp;
  }
 
  else {
    ARTS_USER_ERROR ( "Invalid of *atmosphere_dim*. It must be 1-3.");
  }
 
  AtmosphereSet1D(atmosphere_dim, lat_grid, lon_grid, verbosity);
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void AtmFieldsRefinePgrid(  // WS Output:
    Vector& p_grid,
    Tensor3& t_field,
    Tensor3& z_field,
    Tensor4& vmr_field,
    Index& atmfields_checked,
    Index& atmgeom_checked,
    Index& cloudbox_checked,
    // WS Input:
    const Vector& lat_grid,
    const Vector& lon_grid,
    const Index& atmosphere_dim,
    // Control Parameters:
    const Numeric& p_step,
    const Index& interp_order,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  // Checks on input parameters:
 
  // We don't actually need lat_grid and lon_grid, but we have them as
  // input variables, so that we can use the standard functions to
  // check atmospheric fields and grids. A bit cheesy, but I don't
  // want to program all the checks explicitly.
 
  // Check grids:
  chk_atm_grids(atmosphere_dim, p_grid, lat_grid, lon_grid);
 
  // Check T field:
  chk_atm_field("t_field", t_field, atmosphere_dim, p_grid, lat_grid, lon_grid);
 
  // Check z field:
  chk_atm_field("z_field", z_field, atmosphere_dim, p_grid, lat_grid, lon_grid);
 
  // Check VMR field (and abs_species):
  chk_atm_field("vmr_field",
                vmr_field,
                atmosphere_dim,
                vmr_field.nbooks(),
                p_grid,
                lat_grid,
                lon_grid);
 
  // Move original p_grid to p_old, freeing p_grid for the refined one.
  Vector p_old;
  p_old = p_grid;
 
  p_gridRefine(p_grid,
               atmfields_checked,
               atmgeom_checked,
               cloudbox_checked,
               p_old,
               p_step,
               verbosity);
 
  AtmFieldPRegrid(z_field, z_field, p_grid, p_old, interp_order, verbosity);
  AtmFieldPRegrid(t_field, t_field, p_grid, p_old, interp_order, verbosity);
  AtmFieldPRegrid(vmr_field, vmr_field, p_grid, p_old, interp_order, verbosity);
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void AtmRawRead(  //WS Output:
    GriddedField3& t_field_raw,
    GriddedField3& z_field_raw,
    ArrayOfGriddedField3& vmr_field_raw,
    ArrayOfGriddedField3& nlte_field_raw,
    ArrayOfQuantumIdentifier& nlte_quantum_identifiers,
    Vector& nlte_vibrational_energies,
    //WS Input:
    const ArrayOfArrayOfSpeciesTag& abs_species,
    //Keyword:
    const String& basename,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  CREATE_OUT3;
 
  String tmp_basename = basename;
  if (basename.length() && basename[basename.length() - 1] != '/')
    tmp_basename += ".";
 
  // Read the temperature field:
  String file_name = tmp_basename + "t.xml";
  xml_read_from_file(file_name, t_field_raw, verbosity);
 
  out3 << "Temperature field read from file: " << file_name << "\n";
 
  // Read geometrical altitude field:
  file_name = tmp_basename + "z.xml";
  xml_read_from_file(file_name, z_field_raw, verbosity);
 
  out3 << "Altitude field read from file: " << file_name << "\n";
 
  // Clear out vmr_field_raw
  vmr_field_raw.resize(0);
 
  // We need to read one profile for each tag group.
  for (Index i = 0; i < abs_species.nelem(); i++) {
    // Determine the name.
    file_name = tmp_basename +
                String(Species::toShortName(abs_species[i].Species())) + ".xml";
 
    // Add an element for this tag group to the vmr profiles:
    GriddedField3 vmr_field_data;
    vmr_field_raw.push_back(vmr_field_data);
 
    // Read the VMR:
    xml_read_from_file(
        file_name, vmr_field_raw[vmr_field_raw.nelem() - 1], verbosity);
 
    // state the source of profile.
    out3 << "  " << Species::toShortName(abs_species[i].Species())
         << " profile read from file: " << file_name << "\n";
  }
 
  // NLTE is ignored by doing this
  nlte_field_raw.resize(0);
  nlte_quantum_identifiers.resize(0);
  nlte_vibrational_energies.resize(0);
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void MagRawRead(  //WS Output:
    GriddedField3& mag_u_field_raw,
    GriddedField3& mag_v_field_raw,
    GriddedField3& mag_w_field_raw,
    //Keyword:
    const String& basename,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  CREATE_OUT3;
 
  String tmp_basename = basename;
  if (basename.length() && basename[basename.length() - 1] != '/')
    tmp_basename += ".";
 
  // Read magfield u component:
  String file_name = tmp_basename + "mag_u.xml";
  xml_read_from_file(file_name, mag_u_field_raw, verbosity);
 
  out3 << "Bu field read from file: " << file_name << "\n";
 
  // Read magfield v component:
  file_name = tmp_basename + "mag_v.xml";
  xml_read_from_file(file_name, mag_v_field_raw, verbosity);
 
  out3 << "Bv field read from file: " << file_name << "\n";
 
  // Read magfield w component:
  file_name = tmp_basename + "mag_w.xml";
  xml_read_from_file(file_name, mag_w_field_raw, verbosity);
 
  out3 << "Bw field read from file: " << file_name << "\n";
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void WindRawRead(  //WS Output:
    GriddedField3& wind_u_field_raw,
    GriddedField3& wind_v_field_raw,
    GriddedField3& wind_w_field_raw,
    //Keyword:
    const String& basename,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  CREATE_OUT3;
 
  String tmp_basename = basename;
  if (basename.length() && basename[basename.length() - 1] != '/')
    tmp_basename += ".";
 
  // Read wind field u component:
  String file_name = tmp_basename + "wind_u.xml";
  xml_read_from_file(file_name, wind_u_field_raw, verbosity);
 
  out3 << "Wind u field read from file: " << file_name << "\n";
 
  // Read wind field u component:
  file_name = tmp_basename + "wind_v.xml";
  xml_read_from_file(file_name, wind_v_field_raw, verbosity);
 
  out3 << "Wind v field read from file: " << file_name << "\n";
 
  // Read wind field u component:
  file_name = tmp_basename + "wind_w.xml";
  xml_read_from_file(file_name, wind_w_field_raw, verbosity);
 
  out3 << "Wind w field read from file: " << file_name << "\n";
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void AtmWithNLTERawRead(  //WS Output:
    GriddedField3& t_field_raw,
    GriddedField3& z_field_raw,
    ArrayOfGriddedField3& vmr_field_raw,
    ArrayOfGriddedField3& nlte_field_raw,
    ArrayOfQuantumIdentifier& nlte_quantum_identifiers,
    Vector& nlte_vibrational_energies,
    //WS Input:
    const ArrayOfArrayOfSpeciesTag& abs_species,
    //Keyword:
    const String& basename,
    const Index& expect_vibrational_energies,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  CREATE_OUT3;
 
  String tmp_basename = basename;
  if (basename.length() && basename[basename.length() - 1] != '/')
    tmp_basename += ".";
 
  // Read the temperature field:
  String file_name = tmp_basename + "t.xml";
  xml_read_from_file(file_name, t_field_raw, verbosity);
 
  out3 << "Temperature field read from file: " << file_name << "\n";
 
  // Read geometrical altitude field:
  file_name = tmp_basename + "z.xml";
  xml_read_from_file(file_name, z_field_raw, verbosity);
 
  out3 << "Altitude field read from file: " << file_name << "\n";
 
  // Clear out vmr_field_raw
  vmr_field_raw.resize(0);
 
  // We need to read one profile for each tag group.
  for (Index i = 0; i < abs_species.nelem(); i++) {
    // Determine the name.
    file_name = tmp_basename +
                String(Species::toShortName(abs_species[i].Species())) + ".xml";
 
    // Add an element for this tag group to the vmr profiles:
    GriddedField3 vmr_field_data;
    vmr_field_raw.push_back(vmr_field_data);
 
    // Read the VMR:
    xml_read_from_file(
        file_name, vmr_field_raw[vmr_field_raw.nelem() - 1], verbosity);
 
    // state the source of profile.
    out3 << "  " << Species::toShortName(abs_species[i].Species())
         << " profile read from file: " << file_name << "\n";
  }
 
  // Read each nlte field:
  file_name = tmp_basename + "nlte.xml";
  xml_read_from_file(file_name, nlte_field_raw, verbosity);
 
  out3 << "NLTE field array read from file: " << file_name << "\n";
 
  // Read each nlte identifier field:
  file_name = tmp_basename + "qi.xml";
  xml_read_from_file(file_name, nlte_quantum_identifiers, verbosity);
 
  out3 << "NLTE identifier array read from file: " << file_name << "\n";
  
  if (expect_vibrational_energies) {
    // Read each energy level field:
    file_name = tmp_basename + "ev.xml";
    xml_read_from_file(file_name, nlte_vibrational_energies, verbosity);
    
    out3 << "NLTE energy levels array read from file: " << file_name << "\n";
  }
  else {
    nlte_vibrational_energies.resize(0);
  }
 
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (nlte_field_raw.nelem() != nlte_quantum_identifiers.nelem() or
                     (nlte_field_raw.nelem() != nlte_vibrational_energies.nelem() and
                        0 != nlte_vibrational_energies.nelem()),
      "The quantum identifers and the NLTE temperature fields\n"
      "are of different lengths.  This should not be the case.\n"
      "please check the qi.xml and t_nlte.xml files under\n",
      basename, "\n"
      "to correct this error.\n")
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void z_surfaceFromFileAndGrid(Matrix& z_surface,
                              const Vector& lat_grid,
                              const Vector& lon_grid,
                              const String& filename,
                              const Index& interp_order,
                              const Index& set_lowest_altitude_to_zero,
                              const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  CREATE_OUT3;
 
  out3 << "Reading GriddedField2 surface altitude from " << filename << "\n";
  GriddedField2 z_surface_field;
  xml_read_from_file(filename, z_surface_field, verbosity);
 
  out3 << "Surface altitude field interpolated back to lat_grid and lon_grid\n";
  GriddedFieldLatLonRegrid(z_surface_field,
                           lat_grid,
                           lon_grid,
                           z_surface_field,
                           interp_order,
                           verbosity);
  z_surface = z_surface_field.data;
  if (set_lowest_altitude_to_zero) {
    z_surface -= min(z_surface);
  }
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void z_surfaceConstantAltitude(Matrix& z_surface,
                               const Vector& lat_grid,
                               const Vector& lon_grid,
                               const Numeric& altitude,
                               const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  CREATE_OUT3;
  out3 << "Setting surface to constant altitude of " << altitude << " m\n";
  z_surface = Matrix(lat_grid.nelem() ? lat_grid.nelem() : 1, lon_grid.nelem() ? lon_grid.nelem() : 1, altitude);
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void InterpAtmFieldToPosition(Numeric& outvalue,
                              const Index& atmosphere_dim,
                              const Vector& p_grid,
                              const Vector& lat_grid,
                              const Vector& lon_grid,
                              const Tensor3& z_field,
                              const Vector& rtp_pos,
                              const Tensor3& field,
                              const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  // Input checks
  chk_atm_grids(atmosphere_dim, p_grid, lat_grid, lon_grid);
  chk_atm_field("input argument *field*",
                field,
                atmosphere_dim,
                p_grid,
                lat_grid,
                lon_grid);
  chk_rte_pos(atmosphere_dim, rtp_pos);
 
  // Determine grid positions
  GridPos gp_p, gp_lat, gp_lon;
  rte_pos2gridpos(gp_p,
                  gp_lat,
                  gp_lon,
                  atmosphere_dim,
                  p_grid,
                  lat_grid,
                  lon_grid,
                  z_field,
                  rtp_pos);
 
  // Interpolate
  outvalue = interp_atmfield_by_gp(atmosphere_dim, field, gp_p, gp_lat, gp_lon);
 
  CREATE_OUT3;
  out3 << "    Result = " << outvalue << "\n";
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void p_gridDensify(  // WS Output:
    Vector& p_grid,
    Index& atmfields_checked,
    Index& atmgeom_checked,
    Index& cloudbox_checked,
    // WS Input:
    const Vector& p_grid_old,
    // Control Parameters:
    const Index& nfill,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  // Check that p_grid and p_grid_old are not the same variable (pointing to the
  // same memory space). this as p_grid will be overwritten, but we will need
  // both data later on for data regridding.
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (&p_grid == &p_grid_old,
      "The old and new grids (p_grid and p_grid_old) are not allowed\n"
      "to be identical (pointing to same memory space).\n"
      "But they are doing in your case.")
 
  // as we manipoulate the overall vertical grid (but not simultaneously the
  // atmospheric fields), we reset all atmfields related checked WSV to
  // unchecked, forcing the user to do the checks again.
  atmfields_checked = 0;
  atmgeom_checked = 0;
  cloudbox_checked = 0;
 
  // Check the keyword argument:
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (nfill < 0, "Argument *nfill* must be >= 0.");
 
  // Nothing to do if nfill=0
  if (nfill > 0) {
    // Allocate new size for p_grid
    const Index n0 = p_grid_old.nelem();
    p_grid.resize((n0 - 1) * (1 + nfill) + 1);
 
    Index iout = 0;
    p_grid[0] = p_grid_old[0];
 
    for (Index i = 1; i < n0; i++) {
      Vector pnew;
      VectorNLogSpace(
          pnew, 2 + nfill, p_grid_old[i - 1], p_grid_old[i], verbosity);
      for (Index j = 1; j < nfill + 2; j++) {
        iout += 1;
        p_grid[iout] = pnew[j];
      }
    }
  }
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void p_gridRefine(  // WS Output:
    Vector& p_grid,
    Index& atmfields_checked,
    Index& atmgeom_checked,
    Index& cloudbox_checked,
    // WS Input:
    const Vector& p_grid_old,
    // Control Parameters:
    const Numeric& p_step10,
    const Verbosity&) {
  // Check that p_grid and p_grid_old are not the same variable (pointing to the
  // same memory space). this as p_grid will be overwritten, but we will need
  // both data later on for data regridding.
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (&p_grid == &p_grid_old,
      "The old and new grids (p_grid and p_grid_old) are not allowed\n"
      "to be identical (pointing to same memory space).\n"
      "But they are doing in your case.")
 
  // as we manipoulate the overall vertical grid (but not simultaneously the
  // atmospheric fields), we reset all atmfields related checked WSV to
  // unchecked, forcing the user to do the checks again.
  atmfields_checked = 0;
  atmgeom_checked = 0;
  cloudbox_checked = 0;
 
  // Check the keyword argument:
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (p_step10 <= 0,
    "The keyword argument p_step must be >0.")
 
  // For consistency with other code around arts (e.g., correlation
  // lengths in atmlab), p_step is given as log10(p[Pa]). However, we
  // convert it here to the natural log:
  const Numeric p_step = log(pow(10.0, p_step10));
 
  // Now starting modification of p_grid
 
  // We will need the log of the pressure grid:
  Vector log_p_old(p_grid_old.nelem());
  transform(log_p_old, log, p_grid_old);
 
  //  const Numeric epsilon = 0.01 * p_step; // This is the epsilon that
  //                                         // we use for comparing p grid spacings.
 
  // Construct p_grid (new)
  // ----------------------
 
  ArrayOfNumeric log_p_new;  // We take log_p_new as an array of Numeric, so
                             // that we can easily build it up by appending new
                             // elements to the end.
 
  // Check whether there are pressure levels that are further apart
  // (in log(p)) than p_step, and insert additional levels if
  // necessary:
 
  log_p_new.push_back(log_p_old[0]);
 
  for (Index i = 1; i < log_p_old.nelem(); ++i) {
    const Numeric dp =
        log_p_old[i - 1] - log_p_old[i];  // The grid is descending.
 
    const Numeric dp_by_p_step = dp / p_step;
    //          cout << "dp_by_p_step: " << dp_by_p_step << "\n";
 
    // How many times does p_step fit into dp?
    const Index n = (Index)ceil(dp_by_p_step);
    // n is the number of intervals that we want to have in the
    // new grid. The number of additional points to insert is
    // n-1. But we have to insert the original point as well.
    //          cout << n << "\n";
 
    const Numeric ddp = dp / (Numeric)n;
    //          cout << "ddp: " << ddp << "\n";
 
    for (Index j = 1; j <= n; ++j)
      log_p_new.push_back(log_p_old[i - 1] - (Numeric)j * ddp);
  }
 
  // Copy ArrayOfNumeric to proper vector.
  Vector log_p(log_p_new.nelem());
  for (Index i = 0; i < log_p_new.nelem(); ++i) log_p[i] = log_p_new[i];
 
  // Copy the new grid to abs_p, removing the log:
  p_grid.resize(log_p.nelem());
  transform(p_grid, exp, log_p);
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void p_gridFromZRaw(  //WS Output
    Vector& p_grid,
    //WS Input
    const GriddedField3& z_field_raw,
    const Index& no_negZ,
    const Verbosity&) {
  // original version excludes negative z. not clear, why this is. maybe is
  // currently a convention somehwere in ARTS (DOIT?). negative z seem, however,
  // to work fine for clear-sky cases. so we make the negative z exclude an
  // option (for consistency until unclarities solved, default: do exclude)
  Vector p_grid_raw = z_field_raw.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_P_GRID);
 
  Index i;
  if (is_increasing(z_field_raw.data(joker, 0, 0))) {
    i = 0;
    if (no_negZ) {
      while (z_field_raw.data(i, 0, 0) < 0.0) i++;
    }
    p_grid = p_grid_raw[Range(i, joker)];
  } else if (is_decreasing(z_field_raw.data(joker, 0, 0))) {
    i = z_field_raw.data.npages() - 1;
    if (no_negZ) {
      while (z_field_raw.data(i, 0, 0) < 0.0) i--;
    }
    p_grid = p_grid_raw[Range(i, joker, -1)];
  } else {
    ARTS_USER_ERROR (
                        "z_field_raw needs to be monotonous, but this is not the case.\n")
  }
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void lat_gridFromZRaw(  //WS Output
    Vector& lat_grid,
    //WS Input
    const GriddedField3& z_field_raw,
    const Verbosity&) {
  lat_grid = z_field_raw.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_LAT_GRID);
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void lon_gridFromZRaw(  //WS Output
    Vector& lon_grid,
    //WS Input
    const GriddedField3& z_field_raw,
    const Verbosity&) {
  lon_grid = z_field_raw.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_LON_GRID);
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void atm_gridsFromZRaw(  //WS Output
    Vector& p_grid,
    Vector& lat_grid,
    Vector& lon_grid,
    //WS Input
    const GriddedField3& z_field_raw,
    const Index& no_negZ,
    const Verbosity& v) {
  p_gridFromZRaw(p_grid, z_field_raw, no_negZ, v);
  lat_gridFromZRaw(lat_grid, z_field_raw, v);
  lon_gridFromZRaw(lon_grid, z_field_raw, v);
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void lat_gridFromRawField(  //WS Output
    Vector& lat_grid,
    //WS Input
    const GriddedField3& field_raw,
    const Verbosity&) {
  lat_grid = field_raw.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_LAT_GRID);
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void lon_gridFromRawField(  //WS Output
    Vector& lon_grid,
    //WS Input
    const GriddedField3& field_raw,
    const Verbosity&) {
  lon_grid = field_raw.get_numeric_grid(GFIELD3_LON_GRID);
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void wind_u_fieldIncludePlanetRotation(Tensor3& wind_u_field,
                                       const Index& atmosphere_dim,
                                       const Vector& p_grid,
                                       const Vector& lat_grid,
                                       const Vector& lon_grid,
                                       const Vector& refellipsoid,
                                       const Tensor3& z_field,
                                       const Numeric& planet_rotation_period,
                                       const Verbosity&) {
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (atmosphere_dim < 3,
                      "No need to use this method for 1D and 2D.");
 
  const Index np = p_grid.nelem();
  const Index na = lat_grid.nelem();
  const Index no = lon_grid.nelem();
 
  chk_atm_field("z_field", z_field, atmosphere_dim, p_grid, lat_grid, lon_grid);
  if (wind_u_field.npages() > 0) {
    chk_atm_field("wind_u_field",
                  wind_u_field,
                  atmosphere_dim,
                  p_grid,
                  lat_grid,
                  lon_grid);
  } else {
    wind_u_field.resize(np, na, no);
    wind_u_field = 0.;
  }
 
  const Numeric k1 = 2 * PI / planet_rotation_period;
 
  for (Index a = 0; a < na; a++) {
    const Numeric k2 = k1 * cos(DEG2RAD * lat_grid[a]);
    const Numeric re = refell2r(refellipsoid, lat_grid[a]);
 
    for (Index o = 0; o < no; o++) {
      for (Index p = 0; p < np; p++) {
        wind_u_field(p, a, o) += k2 * (re + z_field(p, a, o));
      }
    }
  }
}
 
// A small help function
void z2g(Numeric& g, const Numeric& r, const Numeric& g0, const Numeric& z) {
  const Numeric x = r / (r + z);
  g = g0 * x * x;
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void z_fieldFromHSE(Workspace& ws,
                    Tensor3& z_field,
                    const Index& atmosphere_dim,
                    const Vector& p_grid,
                    const Vector& lat_grid,
                    const Vector& lon_grid,
                    const Vector& lat_true,
                    const Vector& lon_true,
                    const ArrayOfArrayOfSpeciesTag& abs_species,
                    const Tensor3& t_field,
                    const Tensor4& vmr_field,
                    const Vector& refellipsoid,
                    const Matrix& z_surface,
                    const Index& atmfields_checked,
                    const Agenda& g0_agenda,
                    const Numeric& molarmass_dry_air,
                    const Numeric& p_hse,
                    const Numeric& z_hse_accuracy,
                    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (atmfields_checked != 1,
        "The atmospheric fields must be flagged to have "
        "passed a consistency check (atmfields_checked=1).");
 
  // Some general variables
  const Index np = p_grid.nelem();
  const Index nlat = t_field.nrows();
  const Index nlon = t_field.ncols();
  //
  const Index firstH2O = find_first_species(
      abs_species, Species::fromShortName("H2O"));
 
  if (firstH2O < 0) {
    CREATE_OUT1;
    out1 << "No water vapour tag group in *abs_species*.\n"
         << "Be aware that this leads to significant variations in atmospheres\n"
         << "that contain considerable amounts of water vapour (e.g. Earth)!\n";
  }
  //
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (p_hse > p_grid[0] || p_hse < p_grid[np - 1],
      "The value of *p_hse* must be inside the range of *p_grid*:"
      "  p_hse  = ", p_hse, " Pa\n"
      "  p_grid = ", p_grid[np-1],
      " - ", p_grid[0], " Pa\n")
  //
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (z_hse_accuracy <= 0,
                      "The value of *z_hse_accuracy* must be > 0.");
  //
  chk_latlon_true(atmosphere_dim, lat_grid, lat_true, lon_true);
 
  // Determine interpolation weights for p_hse
  //
  ArrayOfGridPos gp(1);
  Matrix itw(1, 2);
  p2gridpos(gp, p_grid, Vector(1, p_hse));
  interpweights(itw, gp);
 
  // // Molecular weight of water vapour
  const Numeric mw = 18.016;
 
  // mw/molarmass_dry_air matches eps in Eq. 3.14 in Wallace&Hobbs:
  const Numeric k = 1 - mw / molarmass_dry_air;
 
  // Gas constant for 1kg dry air:
  const Numeric rd = 1e3 * GAS_CONSTANT / molarmass_dry_air;
 
  // The calculations
  //
  for (Index ilat = 0; ilat < nlat; ilat++) {
    // The reference ellipsoid is already adjusted to internal 1D or 2D
    // views, and lat_grid is the relevant grid for *refellipsoid*, also
    // for 2D. On the other hand, extraction of g0 requires that the true
    // position is determined.
 
    // Radius of reference ellipsoid
    Numeric re;
    if (atmosphere_dim == 1) {
      re = refellipsoid[0];
    } else {
      re = refell2r(refellipsoid, lat_grid[ilat]);
    }
 
    for (Index ilon = 0; ilon < nlon; ilon++) {
      // Determine true latitude and longitude
      Numeric lat, lon;
      Vector pos(atmosphere_dim);  // pos[0] can be a dummy value
      if (atmosphere_dim >= 2) {
        pos[1] = lat_grid[ilat];
        if (atmosphere_dim == 3) {
          pos[2] = lon_grid[ilon];
        }
      }
      pos2true_latlon(
          lat, lon, atmosphere_dim, lat_grid, lat_true, lon_true, pos);
 
      // Get g0
      Numeric g0;
      g0_agendaExecute(ws, g0, lat, lon, g0_agenda);
 
      // Determine altitude for p_hse
      Vector z_hse(1);
      interp(z_hse, itw, z_field(joker, ilat, ilon), gp);
 
      Numeric z_acc = 2 * z_hse_accuracy;
 
      while (z_acc > z_hse_accuracy) {
        z_acc = 0;
        Numeric g2 = g0;
 
        for (Index ip = 0; ip < np - 1; ip++) {
          // Calculate average g
          if (ip == 0) {
            z2g(g2, re, g0, z_field(ip, ilat, ilon));
          }
          const Numeric g1 = g2;
          z2g(g2, re, g0, z_field(ip + 1, ilat, ilon));
          //
          const Numeric g = (g1 + g2) / 2.0;
 
          //Average water vapour VMR
          Numeric hm;
          if (firstH2O < 0) {
            hm = 0.0;
          } else {
            hm = 0.5 * (vmr_field(firstH2O, ip, ilat, ilon) +
                        vmr_field(firstH2O, ip + 1, ilat, ilon));
          }
 
          // Average virtual temperature (no liquid water)
          // (cf. e.g. Eq. 3.16 in Wallace&Hobbs)
          const Numeric tv =
              (1 / (2 * (1 - hm * k))) *
              (t_field(ip, ilat, ilon) + t_field(ip + 1, ilat, ilon));
 
          // Change in vertical altitude from ip to ip+1
          //  (cf. e.g. Eq. 3.24 in Wallace&Hobbs)
          const Numeric dz = rd * (tv / g) * log(p_grid[ip] / p_grid[ip + 1]);
 
          // New altitude
          Numeric znew = z_field(ip, ilat, ilon) + dz;
          z_acc = max(z_acc, fabs(znew - z_field(ip + 1, ilat, ilon)));
          z_field(ip + 1, ilat, ilon) = znew;
        }
 
        // Adjust to z_hse
        Vector z_tmp(1);
        interp(z_tmp, itw, z_field(joker, ilat, ilon), gp);
        z_field(joker, ilat, ilon) -= z_tmp[0] - z_hse[0];
      }
    }
  }
 
  // Check that there is no gap between the surface and lowest pressure
  // level
  // (This code is copied from *basics_checkedCalc*. Make this to an internal
  // function if used in more places.)
  for (Index row = 0; row < z_surface.nrows(); row++) {
    for (Index col = 0; col < z_surface.ncols(); col++) {
      ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (z_surface(row, col) < z_field(0, row, col) ||
                          z_surface(row, col) >= z_field(z_field.npages() - 1, row, col),
          "The surface altitude (*z_surface*) cannot be outside "
          "of the altitudes in *z_field*.")
    }
  }
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void vmr_fieldSetConstant(Tensor4& vmr_field,
                          const ArrayOfArrayOfSpeciesTag& abs_species,
                          const String& species,
                          const Numeric& vmr_value,
                          const Verbosity&) {
  // Check input
  chk_if_in_range("vmr_value", vmr_value, 0, 1);
  //
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (abs_species.nelem() != vmr_field.nbooks(),
        "Size of *vmr_field* and length of *abs_species* do not agree.");
 
  // Find position for this species.
  const ArrayOfSpeciesTag tag(species);
  Index si = chk_contains("species", abs_species, tag);
 
  // Apply value
  vmr_field(si, joker, joker, joker) = vmr_value;
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void vmr_fieldSetAllConstant(Tensor4& vmr_field,
                             const ArrayOfArrayOfSpeciesTag& abs_species,
                             const Vector& vmr_values,
                             const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  CREATE_OUT3;
 
  const Index nspecies = abs_species.nelem();
 
  ARTS_USER_ERROR_IF (vmr_values.nelem() not_eq nspecies,
                      "Not same number of vmr_values as abs_species.");
 
  out3 << "Setting all " << nspecies << " species to constant VMR\n";
 
  for (Index i = 0; i < nspecies; i++) {
    const ArrayOfSpeciesTag& a_abs_species = abs_species[i];
    const String species_tag_name = a_abs_species.Name();
    vmr_fieldSetConstant(
        vmr_field, abs_species, species_tag_name, vmr_values[i], verbosity);
  }
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void nlte_fieldSetLteExternalPartitionFunction(
    Index& nlte_do,
    EnergyLevelMap& nlte_field,
    ArrayOfArrayOfAbsorptionLines& abs_lines_per_species,
    const ArrayOfQuantumIdentifier& nlte_quantum_identifiers,
    const Tensor3& t_field,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  using Constant::h;
 
  CREATE_OUT2;
  const Index nn = nlte_quantum_identifiers.nelem(), np = t_field.npages(),
              nlat = t_field.nrows(), nlon = t_field.ncols();
  if (nn == 0) return;
 
  Tensor4 nlte_tensor4(nn, np, nlat, nlon);
  nlte_do = 1;
  ArrayOfIndex checked(nn, 0);
 
  for (Index in = 0; in < nn; in++) {
    const QuantumIdentifier& qi = nlte_quantum_identifiers[in];
    Tensor3View lte = nlte_tensor4(in, joker, joker, joker);
 
    for (auto& abs_lines : abs_lines_per_species) {
      for (auto& band : abs_lines) {
        for (Index k=0; k<band.NumLines(); k++) {
          const Absorption::QuantumIdentifierLineTarget lt = Absorption::QuantumIdentifierLineTarget(qi, band, k);
          if (lt == Absorption::QuantumIdentifierLineTargetType::Level and lt.lower) {
            band.Population(Absorption::PopulationType::NLTE);
            
            if (not checked[in]) {
              checked[in] = 1;
              
              for (Index ip = 0; ip < np; ip++) {
                for (Index ilat = 0; ilat < nlat; ilat++) {
                  for (Index ilon = 0; ilon < nlon; ilon++) {
                    lte(ip, ilat, ilon) =
                    boltzman_factor(t_field(ip, ilat, ilon), band.E0(k)) *
                    band.g_low(k) / single_partition_function(
                      t_field(ip, ilat, ilon), band.Isotopologue());
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          }
          
          if (lt == Absorption::QuantumIdentifierLineTargetType::Level and lt.upper) {
            band.Population(Absorption::PopulationType::NLTE);
            
            if (not checked[in]) {
              checked[in] = 1;
              for (Index ip = 0; ip < np; ip++) {
                for (Index ilat = 0; ilat < nlat; ilat++) {
                  for (Index ilon = 0; ilon < nlon; ilon++) {
                    lte(ip, ilat, ilon) =
                    boltzman_factor(t_field(ip, ilat, ilon), band.E0(k) + h*band.F0(k)) *
                    band.g_upp(k) / single_partition_function(
                      t_field(ip, ilat, ilon), band.Isotopologue());
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
  
  for (Index in = 0; in < nn; in++) {
    if (not checked[in]) {
      out2 << "Did not find match among lines for: "
           << nlte_quantum_identifiers[in] << "\n";
    }
  }
  
  nlte_field = EnergyLevelMap(nlte_tensor4, nlte_quantum_identifiers);
}
 
/* Workspace method: Doxygen documentation will be auto-generated */
void nlte_fieldSetLteInternalPartitionFunction(
    Index& nlte_do,
    EnergyLevelMap& nlte_field,
    ArrayOfArrayOfAbsorptionLines& abs_lines_per_species,
    const ArrayOfQuantumIdentifier& nlte_quantum_identifiers,
    const Tensor3& t_field,
    const Verbosity& verbosity) {
  using Constant::h;
 
  CREATE_OUT2;
  const Index nn = nlte_quantum_identifiers.nelem(), np = t_field.npages(),
              nlat = t_field.nrows(), nlon = t_field.ncols();
  if (nn == 0) return;
 
  // Find where they are positioned and how many different molecules there are for the NLTE fields
  ArrayOfIndex part_fun_pos(nn, 0);
  Index x = 1;
  for (Index in = 1; in < nn; in++) {
    bool found = false;
    for (Index ix = 0; ix < in; ix++) {
      if (nlte_quantum_identifiers[in].Species() ==
              nlte_quantum_identifiers[ix].Species() and
          nlte_quantum_identifiers[in].Isotopologue() ==
              nlte_quantum_identifiers[ix].Isotopologue()) {
        part_fun_pos[in] = part_fun_pos[ix];
        found = true;
        break;
      }
    }
    if (not found) {
      part_fun_pos[in] = x;
      x++;
    }
  }
  
  Tensor4 part_fun(x, np, nlat, nlon, 0.0);
  Tensor4 nlte_tensor4(nn, np, nlat, nlon, 0);
  nlte_do = 1;
  ArrayOfIndex checked(nn, 0);
 
  for (Index in = 0; in < nn; in++) {
    const QuantumIdentifier& qi = nlte_quantum_identifiers[in];
    Tensor3View lte = nlte_tensor4(in, joker, joker, joker);
 
    for (auto& abs_lines : abs_lines_per_species) {
      for (auto& band : abs_lines) {
        for (Index k=0; k<band.NumLines(); k++) {
          const Absorption::QuantumIdentifierLineTarget lt = Absorption::QuantumIdentifierLineTarget(qi, band, k);
          if (lt == Absorption::QuantumIdentifierLineTargetType::Level and lt.lower) {
            band.Population(Absorption::PopulationType::NLTE);
            
            if (not checked[in]) {
              checked[in] = 1;
              
              for (Index ip = 0; ip < np; ip++) {
                for (Index ilat = 0; ilat < nlat; ilat++) {
                  for (Index ilon = 0; ilon < nlon; ilon++) {
                    lte(ip, ilat, ilon) =
                      boltzman_factor(t_field(ip, ilat, ilon), band.E0(k)) *
                                      band.g_low(k);
                    part_fun(part_fun_pos[in], ip, ilat, ilon) +=
                      lte(ip, ilat, ilon);
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          }
          
          if (lt == Absorption::QuantumIdentifierLineTargetType::Level and lt.upper) {
            band.Population(Absorption::PopulationType::NLTE);
            
            if (not checked[in]) {
              checked[in] = 1;
              
              for (Index ip = 0; ip < np; ip++) {
                for (Index ilat = 0; ilat < nlat; ilat++) {
                  for (Index ilon = 0; ilon < nlon; ilon++) {
                    lte(ip, ilat, ilon) =
                      boltzman_factor(t_field(ip, ilat, ilon),
                                      band.E0(k) + h * band.F0(k)) *
                                      band.g_upp(k);
                    part_fun(part_fun_pos[in], ip, ilat, ilon) +=
                      lte(ip, ilat, ilon);
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
  
  for (Index in = 0; in < nn; in++) {
    if (not checked[in]) {
      out2 << "Did not find match among lines for: "
           << nlte_quantum_identifiers[in] << "\n";
    }
  }
  
  for (Index in = 0; in < nn; in++) {
    if (checked[in]) {
      nlte_tensor4(in, joker, joker, joker) /=
        part_fun(part_fun_pos[in], joker, joker, joker);
    }
  }
  
  nlte_field = EnergyLevelMap(nlte_tensor4, nlte_quantum_identifiers);
}